paysage French · revision 38619

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1549, Robert Estienne|origins=la pāgus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /pɛ.i.zaʒ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * /pe.i.zaʒ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''paysage''' ''m'' (plural paysages)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|fr|pays|-age]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) [[pays|alt=Pays]] goes back to [[la-lat|pāgēnsis|t=inhabitant of a district]], from [[m|la|pāgus|t=district, canton]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Compare [[it|paesaggio]], [[ca|paisatge]], [[es|paisaje]], [[pt|paisagem]] and [[ro|peisaj]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Robert Estienne records it in 1549 as a word shared among painters, for the depiction of a country scene.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As a painters' word ''paysage'' named the representation of a rural site and then the painting itself;^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) Richelet (1680) notes that painters pronounced it ''pésage''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) By metonymy it meant the whole land, the country (1556, Beaugué), a use limited to the 16th century.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Before the century ended it was commonly used for an expanse of land that the eye can take in at once (1573, Garnier), and this visual sense prevailed.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Littré records ''paysage historique'' and the phrase ''cela fait bien dans le paysage'' (1868); Gide wrote of a ''paysage intérieur''.^(GLLF 1989) After 1950 the word took the figurative sense “general situation”, as in ''le paysage politique'' and ''paysage audiovisuel'', abbreviated P.A.F.^(DHLF 1992) The derivatives are [[paysagiste]] (1651), first for a landscape painter, and [[paysager]] (''jardin paysager'', 1845).^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1549 – Robert Estienne records ''paisage'' as a painters' term.^(TLFi)

+ * 1556 – Beaugué uses it for a whole country.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+ * 1573 – Garnier uses it for the expanse of land seen at once.^(TLFi)

+ * 1651 – The derivative ''paysagiste''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1680 – Richelet notes the painters' pronunciation ''pésage''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1845 – ''Jardin paysager''.^(TLFi)

+ * After 1950 – ''Le paysage politique'', “the political situation”.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|landscape]], the part of a country that nature presents to an onlooker: ''un paysage de collines''; by extension ''paysage urbain''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # A painting or drawing of a landscape; the genre of [[m|en|landscape painting]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+ # ''(printing)'' Landscape [[m|en|format]].^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(figurative)'' The general situation in a field: ''le paysage politique'', ''le paysage audiovisuel''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(familiar)'' ''Cela fait bien dans le paysage'': it looks good, it makes a good impression.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[paysager]]

+ * [[paysagiste]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[paysan]]

+ * [[pays]]

+ * [[la|pāgus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}