boutique French · revision 38615

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=1242|origins=grc ἀποθήκη}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /bu.tik/^(Wiktionary)

+ * Quebec: /bu.t͡sɪk/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''boutique''' ''f'' (plural boutiques)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|bouticle]] (1242, still in popular use in the 16th century), [[m|fro|botique]] (mid-13th century; 1377); ''boutique'' from the mid-14th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is probably [[bor|pro|botica]] (1314), from [[grc|ἀποθήκη|tr=apothḗkē|t=storehouse, magazine]], whence [[la|apothēca]];^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(FEW|25, 20b) the ⟨i⟩ reflects the late Greek pronunciation of ⟨η⟩.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Wiktionary takes the word through Latin.^(Wiktionary) The Greek noun is derived from [[m|grc|ἀποτίθημι|tr=apotíthēmi|t=to put away, store]], from [[m|grc|ἀπό|tr=apó|t=away from]] and [[m|grc|τίθημι|tr=títhēmi|t=to put]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) Etymonline notes that the Latin word inherited directly would have given a very different French word.^(Etymonline) Littré thought the word came from Italy, since the initial ⟨a⟩ is lost.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ The ⟨l⟩ of [[m|fro|bouticle]] is the reinforcing ⟨l⟩ that Old and Middle French often put between a stressed vowel and final ⟨-e⟩ in borrowed words, as in [[m|fro|cronikle]] for [[chronique]].^(DHLF 1992) [[es|botica|t=apothecary's shop]] has the same origin, while [[it|bottega|t=shop]] and [[es|bodega|t=cellar]] came by another route.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Related to [[apothicaire]].^(Grand Robert 2005)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found as ''bouticle'' in 1242, for the place where a merchant set out and sold his goods, from a simple trestle stall to a shop on the ground floor of a house;^(DHLF 1992) the Petit Robert glosses its first record (1241) as “workshop”.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ By extension it named places where various trades were carried on, from a house of prostitution (1395) to an artist's studio and a doctor's or notary's premises; these senses have gone.^(DHLF 1992) An artisan's workshop was also called a ''boutique'' (16th century).^(DHLF 1992) Familiar uses for “house, workplace” go back to before 1575.^(DHLF 1992) The fishing sense, a perforated box kept under water to hold live fish (1309), may owe something to Old French [[m|fro|boute|t=cask]].^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ The modern sense was more or less settled in the 17th century; in the 19th, competition from [[magasin]] gave it humble and old-fashioned overtones, but the great couturiers' luxury shops later gave it positive ones.^(DHLF 1992) The TLFi dates this fashion sense to 1951.^(BHVF) English borrowed the word for a small shop (1767) and a fashionable clothes shop (1950).^(Etymonline) Derivatives are [[boutiquier]] (1596, earlier ''bouticlier'', 1414) and [[arrière-boutique]] (1508).^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1242 – ''Bouticle''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1309 – A fish box.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1350 – ''Botique''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1395 – A house of prostitution.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1414 – ''Bouticlier'', later ''boutiquier''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1508 – ''Arrière-boutique''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1767 – English ''boutique'' “small shop”.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1951 – A couturier's or luxury shop.^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|shop]], a small retail business, usually on a ground floor: ''tenir boutique'', ''ouvrir boutique'', ''fermer boutique''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(figurative)'' ''Plier boutique'', ''fermer boutique'': to give something up.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # A fashion designer's shop; a small shop selling stylish goods, a [[m|en|boutique]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # The goods in a shop, ''(familiar)'' ''toute la boutique'', the whole lot.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(familiar)'' One's workplace, ''parler boutique'', to talk shop.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(fishing)'' A perforated box kept under water to hold live fish.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(Indian Ocean)'' ''Boutique chinoise'': a small general store.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[boutiquier]]

+ * [[arrière-boutique]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[apothicaire]]

+ * [[bodéga]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}