honor Latin · revision 3858

+ {{infobox|confidence=unknown|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈhɔ.nɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɔː.nor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''honor''' ''m'' (genitive honōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The older form is [[m|la|honōs]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The origin is unknown.^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) The TLL reports comparisons with Irish and Greek words but calls the origin uncertain, and Wiktionary notes that a PIE root of the expected shape *gʰon- or *ǵʰon- has no clear cognates.^(TLL)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has a slave ask to be honoured no differently from when he served.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant high esteem shown to worth or rank, a mark of esteem, as a statue given by Syracuse, and a special privilege.^(OLD 2012) ''Honorem habere'' was to pay honour.^(OLD 2012) It also meant a public office, and in poetry a grace or beauty that inspires esteem, as the “glad lustre” Venus breathed on Aeneas' eyes in Virgil.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ''Honos'' was the form Cicero almost always used, and it was antiquated by Quintilian's time.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Honour was also worshipped as a god.^(OLD 2012) In medieval Latin it meant a vassal's fealty, a gift of honour, power, social rank and the integrity of rights and property.^(Niermeyer 1976) English ''honor'' came from it through Old French around 1200.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of the honour shown to a person.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses the form ''honos''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a grace of appearance.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''honor'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Esteem]], respect, [[m|en|honour]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A mark of esteem, an honour, ''honorem habere'', to pay honour.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A special honour, privilege.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A public [[m|en|office]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Grace, dignity of appearance.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A vassal's fealty; social rank; secure rights and property.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|honor]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Honōs'' and ''honor'' are the same word, and Cicero has ''honor'' only twice, and Seneca and Ovid prefer ''honor''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}