extraordinaire French · revision 38579

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1265, Brunetto Latini, Trésor}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ɛk.stʁa.ɔʁ.di.nɛʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * /ɛk.stʁɔʁ.di.nɛʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''extraordinaire''' (plural extraordinaires)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|extraordinārius|t=exceptional, unusual; supplementary]], formed from [[m|la|extrā|t=outside]] and [[m|la|ordinārius|t=regular, customary]] after the phrase [[m|la|extrā ōrdinem|t=out of the regular order]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(FEW|3, 333a) It is felt in French as a compound of [[ordinaire]].^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Littré compares [[pro|extraordinari]], [[es|extraordinario]] and [[it|straordinario]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first record is in Brunetto Latini's ''Trésor'' (about 1265), as an adjective for what lies outside the common order, as in Latin.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the old law ''torture extraordinaire'' was an aggravated form of torture, and criminal proceedings were called ''extraordinaires'' because they did not follow the usual forms.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) As a noun it named an unforeseen expense (1480), under the Ancien Régime especially funds for war.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The adverbial ''par extraordinaire'' “by exception” dates from 1865.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ By extension the adjective came to mean “remarkable, very great” (1587, La Noue) and “astonishing by its rarity or strangeness” (1666, Molière).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) The clipped form [[extra]] (1836) comes from it.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1265 – Brunetto Latini's ''Trésor''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1480 – As a noun, “extraordinary expense”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1587 – La Noue uses it for “remarkable, very great”.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1666 – Molière uses it of what astonishes.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1836 – The clipped form ''extra''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1865 – ''Par extraordinaire''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Outside the usual order or rules; [[m|en|exceptional]], [[m|en|special]]: ''une session extraordinaire'', ''des dépenses extraordinaires''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+ # ''Ambassadeur extraordinaire'': an envoy sent on a special mission.^(Littré 1873)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # Strange, [[m|en|astonishing]], hard to believe.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # Remarkable, outstanding; very great: ''un pianiste extraordinaire''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''L'extraordinaire'': what is out of the ordinary, ''par extraordinaire'', by exception.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ordinaire]]

+ * [[extra]]

+ * [[la|extraordinārius]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}