furieux French · revision 38577

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1372, Jean Corbichon}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /fy.ʁjø/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''furieux''' (feminine furieuse, masculine plural furieux, feminine plural furieuses)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|furiōsus|t=raving, mad, frenzied]], formed on [[m|la|furia|t=rage, frenzy]], whence [[furie]].^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|3, 901b) Wiktionary gives it through [[fro|furieus]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Littré compares [[pro|furios]], [[es|furioso]] and [[it|furioso]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLFi's first record is ''fille furieuse'' “irascible, violent girl” in Jean Corbichon's translation of the ''Propriétés des choses'' (1372); the Grand Robert dates the word to about 1290 and the GLLF to the end of the 13th century.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In 1437 the word is used of a madman given to violence, a sense kept in ''fou furieux'' and in law, where ''un furieux'' was a person who could be placed under guardianship.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873) Du Bellay used it for “seized by a violent passion”, especially love (before 1559), and of fire whirling furiously (1560); Montaigne has it for “very great, excessive” (1580).^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi) The sense “expressing rage”, as in ''air furieux'', is found in Boileau (1672), and heraldry took it for a bull rearing (1690).^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1372 – ''Furieuse'' “violent” in Corbichon.^(TLFi)

+ * 1437 – Of a violent madman, in the customs of Anjou and Maine.^(TLFi)

+ * 1560 – Du Bellay's fire that ''tournoyast furieux''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1580 – Montaigne's ''furieux desir de guarison''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+ * 1672 – Boileau's ''air furieux''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1690 – Furetière records the heraldic sense.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # In a violent rage; [[m|en|furious]]: ''être furieux contre son voisin''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Seized by violent madness: ''fou furieux''; as a noun, a raving madman.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # Driven by a wild, unbridled passion: ''une jalousie furieuse''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # [[m|en|violent|alt=Violent]], [[m|en|raging]] (of things): ''un vent furieux''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+ # ''(familiar, before the noun)'' Very great, excessive: ''un furieux appétit''.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(heraldry)'' Of a bull: rearing.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[furieusement]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fureur]]

+ * [[furie]]

+ * [[furibond]]

+ * [[la|furia]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}