louer French · revision 38564

+ {{homograph|1|to praise}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 10th century, Vie de saint Léger|origins=la laus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /lwe/^(Wiktionary)

+ * /lu.e/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''louer'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|lauder]] (about 980) and [[m|fro|loer]] (about 1100); the form ''louer'' appears in the 14th century.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The verb “to praise” is [[inh|fro|loer]], [[inh|la|laudō|t=to praise, approve, extol]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(FEW|5, 206b)^(Grand Robert 2005) The Latin verb is derived from [[m|la|laus|t=praise, merit, glory]], whose favourable sense Rey explains from an older “act of naming”, perhaps helped by its use for the last call addressed to the dead and the funeral eulogy; the origin of the Latin word is unexplained.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|lodare]], [[pro|lauzar]], [[ca|lloar]], [[es|loar]] and [[pt|louvar]].^(Littré 1873)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the ''Vie de saint Léger'' (second half of the 10th century) ''lauder'' means to give praise; the ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) has ''loer''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The verb kept its first sense, to praise or congratulate, but lost the sense “to advise”, alive from 1080 to the 16th century, and the legal sense “to approve” (1248), out of use by the 14th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) The reflexive ''se louer de'' came first, meaning “to boast of” (about 1100) and then “to be pleased with” (about 1160).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Its derivatives go back to the 12th century: [[louable]] (about 1120), [[louange]] (about 1120), which drove out the old noun ''los'', and ''loueur'' (about 1180), little used because of the homonym from the other ''louer''.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 980 – ''Lauder'' in the ''Vie de saint Léger''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1100 – ''Loer'' in the ''Chanson de Roland'', where it also means “to advise”.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1100 – ''Sei loer de'' “to boast of”.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1160 – ''Se louer de'' “to be pleased with” in the ''Roman d'Eneas''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1248 – A legal sense “to approve”.^(TLFi)

+ * 14th century – The form ''louer'' appears.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|praise]], declare someone or something worthy of admiration: ''louer un peintre'', ''louer le courage d'un ami''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # ''Louer quelqu'un de'' or ''pour'' something: to [[m|en|commend]] or congratulate someone for it.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To glorify (God): ''Dieu soit loué !''^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' ''Se louer de'': to be well satisfied with someone or something.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[louable]]

+ * [[louange]]

+ * [[loueur]]

+

+ {{homograph|2|to rent}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland|origins=la locus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /lwe/^(Wiktionary)

+ * /lu.e/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''louer'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|luer]] (1080), ''loer'' (12th century); ''louer'' about 1283, in Beaumanoir.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The verb “to rent” is [[inh|fro|luer]], [[inh|la|locō|t=to place; to let, hire out]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989) In Latin the verb had specialized in legal language for hiring oneself out, placing one's services for a wage and offering goods for rent, and this use drove out the first sense, for which Latin used [[m|la|collocō]] (whence [[coucher]]); the verb is derived from [[m|la|locus|t=place]], the source of [[lieu]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ Cognate with [[pro|logar]], [[ca|llogar]] and [[pt|alugar]].^(Littré 1873)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first use, in the ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100), is to pay someone taken on for a time, to hire soldiers: ''Ben en purrat luer ses soldeiers''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ By about 1165 it also meant obtaining the use of a thing for payment, and by about 1223 granting it: one verb for both sides of the bargain, an ambiguity it shares with [[location]] and [[locataire]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The reflexive ''se louer'' “to hire oneself out” is recorded in 1268.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ From Old French come [[louage]] (about 1170), now kept mainly in ''contrat de louage'', and ''loueur'' (1283); ''relouer'' (1267) and [[sous-louer]] (1557) followed.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – ''Luer'' in the ''Chanson de Roland'', of hiring soldiers.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1165 – Benoît de Sainte-Maure uses it for taking something for payment.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1170 – The derived noun ''louage''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1223 – Gautier de Coinci uses it for letting something out.^(TLFi)

+ * 1268 – The reflexive ''se louer''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1283 – The spelling ''louer'' in Beaumanoir.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1557 – ''Sous-louer''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To let, [[m|en|lease]] (a house, a room, land) to a tenant for a rent: ''appartement à louer''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # To [[m|en|rent]], hire (a house, a car, a boat) from its owner.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To hire (a worker) for a wage^(GLLF 1989) (''louer ses services'': to offer one's work for pay).^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' ''Se louer'': to be rented out; of a person, to hire oneself out: ''se louer pour la moisson''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[louage]]

+ * [[loueur]]

+ * [[sous-louer]]

+ * [[relouer]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[loyer]]

+ * [[lieu]]

+ * [[location]]

+ * [[la|laudō]]

+ * [[la|locō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}