nourriture French · revision 38551

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1121–1134, Philippe de Thaon|origins=la nūtriō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /nu.ʁi.tyʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''nourriture''' ''f'' (plural nourritures)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|nureture]], [[m|fro|norreture]] and [[m|fro|norriture]];^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) ''nourriture'' from the 14th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la-lat|nūtrītūra|t=action of feeding]], remade after [[nourrir]];^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|7, 253b) the Latin noun is formed on [[m|la|nūtrītum]], the supine of [[m|la|nūtriō|t=to feed, nourish]].^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873) The TLFi and Bloch and Wartburg call it a borrowing, Rey says it comes from the Late Latin word with the influence of the French verb,^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) and Wiktionary treats it as inherited.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[pro|noiridura]] and [[it|nutritura]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In Philippe de Thaon's ''Bestiaire'' (1121–1134) ''nureture'' means upbringing, the action of rearing and teaching, and also an animal being reared.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The Grand Robert and Littré cite ''nurture'' for livestock in the Laws of William, late 11th century.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word at first had the broad active sense “bringing up, education”, alive until the 17th century and, according to Bloch and Wartburg, until the 18th;^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) it also named the child being reared (1170, Chrétien de Troyes), a use later taken over by ''nourrisson'', and in the 17th century the nursing of a child (before 1630).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ The concrete sense, what serves as food for people, is recorded from about 1370 and pushed out the others.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) In the 16th century came its use for plants (1549, Estienne), the figurative sense of what feeds the heart or mind (1555, Ronsard) and the sense of a person's keep (1562).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1121–1134 – ''Nureture'' “upbringing” in Philippe de Thaon.^(TLFi)

+ * 1170 – ''Norreture'', a child being reared, in Chrétien de Troyes' ''Erec et Enide''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1370 – Food for people, in the ''Lamentations de Matheolus''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1549 – Robert Estienne uses it of plants.^(TLFi)

+ * 1555 – Ronsard uses it figuratively.^(TLFi)

+ * Before 1630 – The nursing of a child, in Agrippa d'Aubigné.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|food]], whatever living beings eat to stay alive; the substances so taken.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # The action of feeding a living being.^(Larousse)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(literary)'' What nourishes the mind or heart: ''nourritures intellectuelles''.^(Larousse)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(technical)'' A greasy preparation worked into [[m|en|leather]] to make it supple.^(Larousse)

+ # ''(dated)'' [[m|en|upbringing]], education.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nourrir]]

+ * [[nourrisson]]

+ * [[nutrition]]

+ * [[la|nūtrītūra]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}