fido Italian · revision 38531

+ Italian has two words spelled ''fido'': the adjective “faithful”, a learned word from Latin, and the banking noun “credit”, formed in the 18th century from [[fidare]].^(GRADIT 2003)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) DELI treats them under one head;^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|1634) GRADIT, Nocentini and DEI number them 1 and 2.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|1634)

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+ {{homograph|1|faithful}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1287–1288, Pisan translation of Albertano da Brescia|origins=ine-pro *bʰeydʰ-}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈfi.do/^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''fido''' (feminine fida, masculine plural fidi, feminine plural fide)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ The adjective is a learned word, [[bor|la|fīdus|t=trusty, faithful]], from [[m|la|fīdō|t=to trust]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The Latin word continues [[itc-pro|*feiþos]] and [[ine-pro|*bʰeydʰós]], from the root [[m|ine-pro|*bʰeydʰ-|t=to trust]] of [[grc|πείθομαι|tr=peíthomai|t=to be persuaded, obey]]; [[m|la|fidēs|t=faith]] and [[m|la|foedus|t=treaty]] are related.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Inherited reflexes are [[fro|fi]] and [[pro|fi]], while [[es|fido]] and [[pt|fido]] are learned like the Italian word.^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)^(DEI|1634)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is a Pisan translation of Albertano da Brescia's treatises (1287–88); DELI dates it to Dante, who calls Virgil ''la fida compagna'' (the faithful companion) in ''Purgatorio'' III.^(TLIO)^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian used it of people bound by loyalty, of things that can be relied on, and of safe, sheltering places; as a plural noun ''i fidi'' were one's faithful followers.^(TLIO) Tommaseo distinguished it from ''fidato'' and ''fedele'' as implying lasting, active affection.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) Today it is literary or elevated, and is also used of a trusty object, such as one's old car.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1287–1288 – A Pisan translation of Albertano da Brescia has ''fido''.^(TLIO)

+ * Before 1321 – Dante uses ''fida'' of Virgil.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI)

+ * Early 15th century – ''Infido'' “unfaithful” is recorded.^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(literary)'' [[m|en|faithful]], [[m|en|loyal]]: ''il suo fido scudiero''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of a thing, [[m|en|reliable]], trusty: ''la mia fida bicicletta''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

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+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(literary)'' A faithful companion or follower: ''il capo e i suoi fidi''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

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+ ==Word family==

+ * [[infido]]

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+ {{homograph|2|credit}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1781, Tariffa toscana}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈfi.do/^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''fido''' ''m'' (plural fidi)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ The noun is formed from [[fidare]] “to trust”, as a deverbal noun without suffix, like [[fida]] (1492), a southern contract for renting grazing land.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The verb continues [[la-vul|*fīdō|alt=*fīdāre]], the Vulgar Latin replacement of [[la|fīdō|alt=fīdere]].^(DELI 1999)^(Körting 1907)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first record is a Tuscan tariff of 1781, in the sense of commercial credit, the limit up to which goods or money are given on trust.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Tommaseo records the phrase ''dare a fido'', to sell on credit, and in shops ''non si fa fido''.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) Carlo Cattaneo explained that credit comes from trusting, and that this ''fido'' is either personal or real.^(GDLI) In modern banking it is the credit line a bank grants a customer, backed by personal or real guarantees.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1492 – ''Fida'', a contract for grazing land, is recorded in the Aragonese code.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1781 – A Tuscan tariff has ''fido'' “credit”.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

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+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(banking)'' A [[m|en|credit]] line granted by a bank to a customer, and the maximum amount of it: ''La banca gli ha negato l'aumento del fido.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Commercial credit, ''dare a fido'', to sell on trust.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fidare]]

+ * [[fidato]]

+ * [[fiducia]]

+ * [[fede]]

+ * [[la|fīdus]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Fido'' is also the traditional name for a dog, like English ''Rover''.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wikizionario) ''Limite di fido'' or ''fido massimo'' is the most a bank will lend a customer.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}