nove Italian · revision 38498

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1211, Florentine account book|origins=ine-pro *h₁néwn̥}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈnɔ.ve/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''nove''' (invariable)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old Sienese had ''nuove'' in the 13th century, and the form is still found in Boiardo.^(DEI|2605)^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|novem|t=nine]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The same word is [[fr|neuf]], [[oc|nou]], [[ca|nou]], [[es|nueve]], [[pt|nove]], [[sc|noe]], [[rm|nuf]], [[fur|nuf]] and [[ro|nouă]]; [[dlm|nu]] was its Dalmatian form.^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)

+

+ Latin [[m|la|novem]] goes back to [[itc-pro|*nown̥]] and [[ine-pro|*h₁néwn̥|t=nine]].^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) Like all the basic numerals it belongs to the common Indo-European vocabulary: [[grc|ἐννέα|tr=ennéa]], [[sa|नव|tr=náva]], [[got|𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽|tr=niun]], [[goh|niun]] and [[ang|nigon]], the source of [[en|nine]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary) The final ⟨-m⟩ replaced an older ⟨-n⟩ after [[m|la|decem|t=ten]] and [[m|la|septem|t=seven]], while the original form survives in [[m|la|nōnus|t=ninth]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Devoto 1968)

+

+ In Italian the stressed open /ɔ/ of an open syllable normally became the diphthong /wɔ/, as in [[nuovo]] from [[m|la|novus]], but here it did not.^(DELI 1999)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) DELI finds the reason unclear and suggests, with Devoto and Sabatini–Coletti, that the word avoided falling together with [[nuove]], the feminine plural of that adjective.^(DELI 1999)^(Devoto 1968)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) The diphthongised form did exist in Old Sienese.^(DEI|2605)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is a Florentine account book of 1211, with the number nine.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(DIFIT) Giacomo da Lentini has ''’nfine che compie anni nove'' “until nine years are complete”, and Bono Giamboni counts the sin of gluttony as committed “in nine ways”.^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Nine had a special place in religious, cabbalistic and philosophical symbolism as the square of three, the perfect number: Dante speaks of nine orders of contemplative spirits in the ''Convivio''.^(GDLI) The nine Muses were called ''le nove sorelle'', and ''tre e nove volte'' was an emphatic “again and again”.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ The compound ''novecento'' “nine hundred” replaced Latin ''nongenti'': ''novicento'' occurs in 1296, ''novecento'' before 1451.^(DELI 1999)^(DEI|2605) In 1817 Pietro Giordani used ''il novecento'' for the 20th century, and ''novecentista'' (1826), ''novecentismo'' (1936) and ''novecentesco'' (1954) followed.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ Modern uses include the school mark ''nove'', just below the top, the nine of a suit of cards, the ninth day of a month, and the ''prova del nove'', the arithmetic check of casting out nines and, figuratively, a decisive proof.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010) In baseball slang ''il nove'' is a team, which has nine players, and in football the number nine is the centre forward.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) English slang of the mid-19th century took ''nobba'' “nine” from Italian.^(DIFIT)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1211 – A Florentine account book has ''nove''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 13th century – Old Sienese has the diphthongised ''nuove''.^(DEI|2605)

+ * 1296 – The compound ''novicento'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1451 – ''Novecento'' appears in Giovanni di Cino.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1817 – Pietro Giordani uses ''novecento'' for the 20th century.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1826 – ''Novecentista'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Mid-19th century – English slang ''nobba'' is recorded.^(DIFIT)

+ * 1936 – Benedetto Croce has ''novecentismo''.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Numeral===

+ # [[m|en|nine]], the number that is one more than eight: ''Il viaggio è durato nove giorni.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # After a noun, with ordinal value: ninth: ''Leggete il capitolo nove.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # The number nine, and the figure 9.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # The ninth day of a month; the ninth year of a century.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # A school [[m|en|mark]] one point below the highest: ''Ha preso nove nel compito di storia.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # The nine of a suit of [[m|en|playing cards]].^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(sports, slang)'' A [[m|en|baseball]] team, which has nine players.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[novecento]]

+ * [[novecentesco]]

+ * [[novecentismo]]

+ * [[novecentista]]

+ * [[novecentistico]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[novena]]

+ * [[novennio]]

+ * [[novenne]]

+ * [[la|novem]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Prova del nove'' is a set phrase: literally the arithmetic check by casting out nines, figuratively the proof that confirms a supposition.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011) With ''le'' and an implied ''ore'', ''le nove'' means nine o'clock.^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}