tribunale Italian · revision 38491

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=14th century, Cino da Pistoia|origins=la tribus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /tri.buˈna.le/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tribunale''' ''m'' (plural tribunali)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a learned [[bor|la|tribūnal|t=raised platform for magistrates]], originally the place where the tribunes sat.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GDLI)^(DEI|3892) The Latin noun is the neuter of a supposed adjective [[m|la|*tribūnālis|t=of the tribunes]], from [[m|la|tribūnus|t=tribune]], itself from [[m|la|tribus|t=tribe]].^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)^(Treccani 2011) Latin also had the nominative [[m|la|tribūnal|alt=tribunale]], recorded in an inscription, which Quintilian thought pedantic.^(OLD 2012) DEI compares [[fro|tribunal]] (13th century).^(DEI|3892) It belongs to the same family as [[tribuna]] and [[tribuno]].^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DEI's first record is Cino da Pistoia (14th century), who imagines Love bringing a thousand complaints before the ''tribunal'' of a high empress.^(DEI|3892)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) DELI dates the sense “place where judges administer justice” to Boccaccio's ''Decameron'' (1348–1353): “the judges have left the ''tribunali''”.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 16th century the word could also mean a stage (Berni) or a tribune (Guicciardini).^(DEI|3892) An old adjective ''tribunale'' “of a tribune” is recorded in a 14th-century sermon translation (''sedia tribunale'', the judgement seat) and in the Anonimo romano's ''corona tribunale''.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)^(GDLI)

+

+ Figurative uses grew in religious prose: Paolo Segneri (1686) has ''tribunale di Dio'', ''tribunale divino'' and ''tribunale del cielo'', and ''tribunale della confessione'' or ''della penitenza'' for the sacrament is recorded in 1805.^(DELI 1999) DELI dates ''tribunale di cassazione'' to 1799 and the modern sense, the judicial body that hears civil and criminal cases, to 1875.^(DELI 1999) Today there are many named courts: ''tribunale per i minorenni'', ''tribunale militare'', ''tribunale amministrativo regionale'' (TAR), ''tribunale della libertà''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010) In the textile trade a ''tribunale'' is a bench for checking finished cloth.^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 14th century – Cino da Pistoia uses ''tribunale''.^(DEI|3892)

+ * 1348–1353 – Boccaccio uses it for the place where judges sit.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 16th century – Berni uses it for a stage, Guicciardini for a tribune.^(DEI|3892)

+ * 1686 – Paolo Segneri speaks of the ''tribunale di Dio''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1799 – ''Tribunale di cassazione'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1805 – ''Tribunale della confessione'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1829 – ''Tribunalesco'' is recorded.^(DEI|3892)

+ * 1875 – ''Tribunale'' is recorded for the judicial body.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|court]]: the authority that administers justice; in the Italian system, the court that judges civil and criminal cases at first instance and on appeal: ''Il tribunale ha respinto il ricorso.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # [[m|en|courthouse]], the building where the courts sit: ''Ci vediamo davanti al tribunale alle nove.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # [[m|en|courtroom]], the hall where trials are held.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(figurative)'' An authority to which one answers morally, such as conscience, history or public opinion.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(textiles)'' A bench for checking pieces of cloth after finishing.^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[tribunalesco]]

+ * [[tribunalizio]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tribunesco]]

+ * [[tribuno]]

+ * [[tribuna]]

+ * [[la|tribūnal]]

+ * [[fr|tribunal]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}