tranne Italian · revision 38486

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=1300–1313, Dante (as tra' ne)|origins=la trahō}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈtran.ne/^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|it|trarre|ne|alt1=tra’|t1=draw (imperative)|t2=of it]]: the second person singular imperative of the verb, followed by the enclitic particle, so literally “take (it) out of it, leave it out”.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011) DELI and Nocentini start from the full imperative [[roa-oit|traine]], shortened with an apostrophe, as Dante wrote it.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) Carlo Merlo objected that the full form would have given a single /n/, and held that the double consonant was remade on [[fanne]], [[danne]] and [[vanne]], where doubling after the imperative is regular, as in [[fammi]] and [[dammi]];^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) Nocentini and Sabatini–Coletti accept this analogy, and DELI thinks the objection deserves attention.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) The verb is [[la|trahō|t=to draw, drag]], under which Meyer-Lübke lists the word.^(REW 1935)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is Dante's ''Inferno'' (canto 29), where the phrase is still two words with an object: ''Tra' mene Stricca, / che seppe far le temperate spese'', “except me Stricca, who knew how to spend in moderation”, an ironic list of Sienese spendthrifts, and a few lines later ''tra' ne la brigata'' “except the gang”.^(GDLI)^(Prati 1951)^(DELI 1999)^(DEI|3861) DELI dates it 1300–1313, GRADIT before 1313, Zingarelli 1282.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As a single word, a preposition meaning “except”, ''tranne'' is used by Torquato Tasso in the 16th century: in the ''Gerusalemme liberata'' no knight is a stronger fighter than Tancredi “(''tranne Rinaldo'')”, except Rinaldo.^(GDLI)^(DEI|3861)^(Prati 1951) Fra Giordano had used ''trattone'', from the past participle, in the same sense.^(Prati 1951) The compound conjunction ''tranne che'' “unless, except that” is recorded in 1961.^(DELI 1999)

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+ Because it began as a verb with an object, ''tranne'' takes a following personal pronoun in the object form: ''tranne me'', ''tranne te''.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1300–1313 – Dante writes ''tra' ne'' and ''tra' mene''.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI)

+ * 16th century – Torquato Tasso uses the single word ''tranne''.^(DEI|3861)^(Prati 1951)

+ * 1961 – ''Tranne che'' “unless” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Preposition===

+ # [[m|en|except]], but, apart from, usually with ''tutto'', ''tutti'', ''niente'' or ''nessuno'': ''Hanno risposto tutti all'invito tranne mio cugino.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # With an infinitive, introducing an exception: ''Ha fatto di tutto tranne studiare.''^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''tranne che'': except, apart from (followed by a phrase): ''Mi trovo bene con tutti tranne che con il nuovo capo.''^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ===Conjunction===

+ # ''tranne che'' (with the subjunctive): [[m|en|unless]]: ''Domani si parte presto, tranne che non piova a dirotto.''^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[trarre]]

+ * [[la|traho]]

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}