sognare Italian · revision 38467

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 13th century, Novellino|origins=la somnus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /soɲˈɲa.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sognare''' (first-person singular present sógno, first-person singular past historic sognài, past participle sognàto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|somniō|t=to dream]], formed from [[m|la|somnium|t=dream]], itself from [[m|la|somnus|t=sleep]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) The Italian verb is therefore a sister of the noun [[sogno]] rather than a derivative of it.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ DEI calls the verb common to western Romance: [[fr|songer]], [[oc|somnhar]], [[ca|somiar]], [[es|soñar]] and [[pt|sonhar]], and [[sc|sonniare]] in Logudorese.^(DEI|3530)^(REW 1935)^(Körting 1907) The word for sleep goes back to [[ine-pro|*swépnos|t=sleep]], through [[itc-pro|*swepnos]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is the ''Novellino'', at the end of the 13th century, in the sense “to see, or think one sees, while asleep”.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) Before 1303 Onesto da Bologna uses it for imagining something wholly unexpected.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian wrote the verb in many ways: ''sogniare'', ''sompniare'', ''sonniare'', ''sugnare'' and ''summiare'' are among them.^(GDLI|19) Dante compares himself to a man who dreams of his own harm and, dreaming, wishes he were dreaming (''che suo dannaggio sogna, / che sognando desidera sognare'').^(GDLI|19)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) He and other early writers also used the verb for believing falsely or imagining.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ The sense “to long for” is recorded before 1492, in Bellincioni.^(DELI 1999) ''Sognare con gli occhi aperti'', to daydream, is in Gravina in 1708; today it is ''sognare a occhi aperti''.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) Boccaccio has the proverb ''chi mal ti vuole, mal ti sogna'', “whoever wishes you ill dreams ill of you”.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) In the modern colloquial language the pronominal ''sognarsi'' is used with intensive force, and ''non ti sognare di…'' means “don't even think of…”.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 13th century – The ''Novellino'' has ''sognare'' “to dream”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1303 – Onesto da Bologna uses it for imagining the unexpected.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 14th century – ''Sognatore'' and ''trasognare'' are recorded.^(Nocentini 2010)

+ * Before 1492 – Bellincioni uses it in the sense “to long for”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1708 – Gravina writes ''sognare con gli occhi aperti''.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|dream]] of, to see in a dream: ''Stanotte ho sognato il mare.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To long for, to [[m|en|yearn]] for: ''Sogna una casa in montagna.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' To imagine things that are not real, or to expect the unexpected, especially in questions and negative sentences: ''Chi l’avrebbe mai sognato?''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To have dreams: ''Non sogno quasi mai.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To [[m|en|daydream]], to let one's fancy wander.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(pronominal, sognarsi)'' To dream of, with intensive force, and to dare, in negative sentences: ''Non ti sognare di toccarla!''^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sognatore]]

+ * [[sognante]]

+ * [[trasognare]]

+ * [[sognabile]]

+ * [[risognare]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sogno]]

+ * [[sonno]]

+ * [[la|somnium]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Common phrases are ''sognare a occhi aperti'' (to daydream), ''credere di sognare'' (to be unable to believe one's eyes) and ''me lo sono sognato?'' (did I dream it?), said ironically to insist that something really happened.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}