raggiungere Italian · revision 38462

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=late 13th century, Fatti di Cesare|origins=la adiungō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /radˈd͡ʒun.d͡ʒe.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''raggiungere''' (first-person singular present raggiùngo, first-person singular past historic raggiùnsi, past participle raggiùnto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+ The older form is ''raggiugnere'';^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) the GDLI also lists ''ragiógnare'', ''ragiógnere'', ''ragióngere'' and ''ragiùgnere''.^(GDLI|15, 325)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|it|ri-|aggiungere|t2=to reach]], from the old sense of the verb “to reach, arrive at”, with the reinforcing prefix.^(DELI 1999)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011) Nocentini, Devoto–Oli and Wiktionary instead derive it from [[giungere]] with the prefix ra(d)-, and Devoto calls it a double prefix.^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary)^(Devoto 1968|361)

+

+ The old verb [[roa-oit|agiungere]] meant “to reach, arrive” as well as “to add”, as in the Novellino at the end of the 13th century: “Lo cavallo, per la fame, aggiunse con la bocca a questa vitalba per rodegarla” (“the horse, in its hunger, reached this clematis with its mouth to gnaw it”).^(DELI 1999)^(LEI|1, 706) It continues [[la|adiungō|t=to join to, add]], from [[m|la|iungō|t=to join]], which survives in the other Romance languages too: [[ro|ajunge]], [[fr|ajoindre]], [[ca|ajúnyer]] and [[es|ajungir]].^(LEI|1, 706) The sense “to reach, arrive” is already found in Late Latin in the 8th century, and in Italy it became more common with the prefix ⟨r-⟩.^(LEI|1, 706)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is the ''Fatti di Cesare'', a Sienese text of the end of the 13th century.^(TLIO) DELI's first date is Dante's ''Inferno'' (1310–1313), in the sense “to catch up with and rejoin someone”: “Poi rigiugnerò la mia masnada” (“then I will rejoin my band”).^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|15, 325)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Petrarch, in 1374, uses the verb for catching up with someone who flees: “Già ti raggiuns'io mentre fuggivi” (“I caught up with you as you fled”).^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|15, 325) It took on the sense “to obtain, achieve” in Ariosto before 1533;^(DELI 1999) “to reach a place” is dated by DELI to 1824–1826 (Antonio Cesari) and “to hit” to Giovanni Scalvini before 1843.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ The old sense “to join together”, as in Poliziano, has gone out of use, as has the pronominal ''raggiungersi'' “to be reunited”.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)^(Gabrielli 2020) The TLIO also records the Old Italian senses “to add” and, in arithmetic, “to sum”.^(TLIO) In modern use news or a summons can be said to reach someone, often in the passive, and the verb can mean to contact someone, for example by telephone.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 13th century – The ''Fatti di Cesare'' uses the verb.^(TLIO)

+ * 1310–1313 – Dante uses it for rejoining one's company.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1374 – Petrarch uses it for catching up with someone who flees.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1533 – Ariosto uses it for achieving a goal.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1824–1826 – Antonio Cesari uses it for reaching a place.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1872 – ''Raggiungimento'' is recorded in Tommaseo–Bellini.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1954 – Luigi Einaudi uses ''raggiungibile''.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|catch up]] with someone ahead or join someone who is already somewhere: ''Vai avanti, ti raggiungo al bar.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # To [[m|en|reach]] a place: ''Dopo tre ore di cammino raggiungemmo il rifugio.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # Of a quantity, to reach a level: ''Il fiume ha raggiunto il livello di allarme.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To catch up with someone's level in work or study.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To [[m|en|achieve]] or attain a goal or a state: ''Ha raggiunto la serenità che cercava.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Of news or a notice, to reach someone, often in the passive.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # To hit: ''Il sasso lo raggiunse alla spalla.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(obsolete)'' To join, reunite.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[raggiungibile]]

+ * [[raggiungimento]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[aggiungere]]

+ * [[giungere]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}