salire Italian · revision 38454

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=early 13th century, Ritmo su Sant'Alessio|origins=la saliō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /saˈli.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''salire''' (first-person singular present sàlgo, first-person singular past historic salìi, past participle salìto, auxiliary (intransitive) èssere or (transitive) avére)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old and popular forms include [[roa-oit|saglire]], with present ''saglio'', and ''salisco''.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011) Old Tuscan and some central dialects have [[roa-oit|sallire]], with an unexplained ''-ll-''.^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|saliō|t=to jump, leap]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) In Italian the sense moved from leaping to climbing; elsewhere the verb kept “to jump” ([[ro|sări]]) or took other senses: [[fr|saillir]] “to jut out”, [[oc|sallir]] and [[ca|sallir]] “to gush”, [[es|salir]] and [[pt|sair]] “to go out”.^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)^(Wiktionary) DÉRom reconstructs a Proto-Romance verb meaning “to jump; to gush out; to mount”, with cognates in every branch except Sardinian, Dalmatian, Friulian and Ladin.^(DÉRom) The forms in ⟨sagl-⟩ come from the palatalised /lj/ of the Latin verb.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ The Latin verb is from [[itc-pro|*salje-|t=to jump]]; its only exact match is [[grc|ἅλλομαι|tr=hállomai|t=to jump]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(de Vaan 2008) Celtic, Sanskrit and Tocharian words are compared too, but de Vaan thinks the shape of the root cannot be fixed.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is in the ''Ritmo su Sant'Alessio'' of the early 13th century, in the sense “to go up, to a higher place”.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Bonagiunta, before 1257, uses the verb for rising to a better condition, and Dante for a slope that rises (1313–1319) and, transitively, for climbing something: ''Perché non sali il dilettoso monte?'', “why do you not climb the delightful mountain?”^(DELI 1999)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) Dante also has a noun ''salire'', a way up, in ''drizzate noi verso li alti saliri'', “direct us towards the high ascents”.^(GRADIT 2003)^(GDLI|17, 410) The sense “to increase” in intensity, number or level is first recorded in the Milanese press of 1826.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ Modern Italian uses ''salire'' for getting on a vehicle, for travelling north (''salire da Napoli a Torino''), and for prices, temperatures and levels that go up.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) The present participle ''saliente'', a learned form, took the senses “projecting” and “important” after [[fr|saillant]].^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Early 13th century – The ''Ritmo su Sant'Alessio'' has ''salire'' “to go up”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1257 – Bonagiunta uses it for rising to a better state.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1313–1319 – Dante uses it of a rising slope.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1321 – Dante uses it transitively and as a noun, ''li alti saliri''.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * 1550 – Vasari has ''saliscendi'', a latch.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1826 – The Milanese press uses ''salire'' for a rise in level or amount.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To go [[m|en|up]], [[m|en|climb]], on foot or by some means: ''Salimmo fino al terzo piano a piedi.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To get on a vehicle, [[m|en|board]]: ''salire sull’autobus'', ''salire a bordo''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To rise into the air: ''Dal camino saliva un filo di fumo.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To reach a height; of a road, to climb steeply.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To move to a place further north.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To rise to a higher rank or condition: ''salire al trono''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # To increase in intensity, number or value: ''I prezzi della frutta continuano a salire.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To go up something: ''salire la scalinata della chiesa''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(DELI 1999)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[salita]]

+ * [[saliscendi]]

+ * [[saliente]]

+ * [[risalire]]

+ * [[risalita]]

+ * [[salitore]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[saltare]]

+ * [[la|saliō]]

+ * [[es|salir]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Intransitive ''salire'' takes ''essere'', transitive ''salire'' takes ''avere''.^(Wiktionary) Phrases include ''salire in cattedra'' (to lecture others), ''salire sul carro del vincitore'' (to jump on the bandwagon) and ''salire alle stelle'' (of prices, to soar).^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}