solidus Latin · revision 3844

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *solh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsɔ.lɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsɔː.li.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''solidus''' (feminine solida, neuter solidum, comparative solidior, superlative solidissimus, adverb solidē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*soliþo-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*solh₂-i-dʰh₁-o-|t=entire]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan rejects a derivation from [[soleo|alt=soleō]] “to be accustomed” on grounds of meaning and connects it with [[salvus|alt=salvus]] and [[sollus|alt=sollus]] “whole”, from the root [[ine-pro|*solh₂-|t=whole]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The OLD also calls it probably cognate with these.^(OLD 2012) A contracted form [[m|la|soldus]] appears in Varro and Horace.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards.^(de Vaan 2008) In Plautus a man brings his friend “a solid greeting”, a complete one.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant made of the same material throughout, and of coins pure; in colloquial Latin it meant thorough or absolute.^(OLD 2012) It meant not hollow, as Cicero's solid wall, tightly packed, firm under pressure, and of ground firm, so that the neuter ''solidum'' was firm ground.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Of qualities it meant substantial and lasting, as Cicero's “solid praise”, and it meant whole, entire, full.^(OLD 2012) As a masculine noun ''solidus'' became the name of a gold coin, in medieval Latin also a shilling, and in medieval Latin wages.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) English ''solid'' came from it through Old French in the late 14th century, and ''solidus'' was borrowed as the name of the coin then too.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it in the sense “complete”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a solid wall and of lasting praise.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses the contracted form ''soldus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''solid'' and ''solidus'' are recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Made of one material throughout, ''(of coins)'' pure.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' Thorough, absolute.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Not [[m|en|hollow]], [[m|en|solid]]; dense, compact.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Firm, hard, ''(neuter noun)'' firm ground.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Real, substantial, lasting.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Whole, entire, ''(neuter noun)'' a whole.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Full, complete.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|solidus]], a gold coin.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|shilling]]; pay, wages.^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[īnsolidus]]

+ * [[praesolidus]]

+ * [[solidipēs]]

+ * [[soliditās]]

+ * [[solidō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[salvus]]

+ * [[sollus]]

+ * [[en|solid]]

+ * [[en|solidus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}