accadere Italian · revision 38436

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=before 1292, Bono Giamboni|origins=la cadō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ak.kaˈde.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''accadere''' (third-person only, third-person singular present accàde, third-person singular past historic accàdde, past participle accadùto, third-person singular future accadrà, auxiliary èssere)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old Italian has present subjunctive forms ''accaggia'' and ''accaggiono'' beside ''accada'' and ''accadono''.^(GDLI)^(TLIO)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la-vul|*accadō|alt=*accadēre]], which took the place of classical [[la|accidō|alt=accidere|t=to happen, to fall upon]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(GRADIT 2003) The Vulgar Latin verb was remade on [[m|la-vul|*cadō|alt=*cadēre]], the form of [[m|la|cadō|alt=cadere|t=to fall]] with a long vowel in the ending, with the prefix [[m|la|ad-]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(DEI|21) The LEI records the Latin form from the 1st century; it also continues in [[fro|achaïr]], and a form of another conjugation in [[ca|acaure]].^(LEI|1, 237) Nocentini and REW add [[es|acaecer]], older [[osp|acaer]], and [[pt|aquecer]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)

+

+ The classical verb is the source of the learned [[accidente]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto 1968) The Latin verb goes back to [[itc-pro|*kad-e/o-]]; de Vaan connects it, with a query, with a root meaning “to fall” in Sanskrit and Greek.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is in Bono Giamboni's ''Vizi e Virtudi'', a Florentine text written before 1292, in the sense “to happen, to come about”.^(TLIO)^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) Guittone d'Arezzo has the subjunctive: “Come accade a' buoni, così, fratello, mi pare che accaggia a' cattivi” (as it happens to the good, so, brother, it seems to me it happens to the wicked).^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian also used the verb for “to be fitting, to be needed” (Cavalca, 1342), for “to come along at the right moment” (Ariosto, 1533) and for the stars “to be found” somewhere, and once for “to fall”.^(LEI|1, 237)^(TLIO)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) Foscolo could still write that there was no point (''non accade'') in speaking of the common people.^(Gabrielli 2020) Tommaseo noted that ''accadere'' implies more chance than ''avvenire''.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) A Tuscan proverb says ''tra la bocca e il boccone mille cose accadono'' (between the mouth and the morsel a thousand things happen).^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ The past participle ''accaduto'' became a noun, “what has happened, the event”, in Leopardi, and by 1848 it was common.^(DELI 1999) ''Accadimento'', recorded at the end of the 14th century, was an old word that historians brought back into use, as Migliorini noted in 1950.^(DELI 1999) In philosophy ''l'accadere'' is becoming, what happens in time, as opposed to being.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1292 – Bono Giamboni uses ''accadere''.^(DELI 1999)^(TLIO)

+ * 1306 – Giordano da Pisa uses the reflexive ''acadersi'' “to be fitting”.^(LEI|1, 237)

+ * 1342 – Cavalca uses the verb for “to be needed”.^(LEI|1, 237)

+ * End of the 14th century – ''Accadimento'' is first recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1533 – Ariosto uses it for “to come along at the right time”.^(LEI|1, 237)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * 1848 – Ugolini calls the noun ''accaduto'' frequent.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|happen]], to take place, often by chance or suddenly: ''Che cosa è accaduto ieri sera in piazza?''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(impersonal)'' To happen that, or to happen to do something: ''Accade spesso che il treno parta in ritardo.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(archaic)'' To come along, especially at the right moment.^(GRADIT 2003)^(TLIO)

+ # ''(archaic)'' To be fitting or necessary.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(TLIO)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(philosophy)'' Becoming, what happens in history and time, as opposed to being.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[accaduto]]

+ * [[accadimento]]

+ * [[riaccadere]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cadere]]

+ * [[accidente]]

+ * [[la|accido]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The verb takes ''essere'' and is used only in the third person, with the event as its subject.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)^(Wiktionary) ''Sono cose che accadono'' is said of unpleasant things that have to be accepted.^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}