vinco Latin · revision 3843

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *ui-n-k-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwɪŋ.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈviŋ.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vincō''' (present infinitive vincere, perfect active vīcī, supine victum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*wink-|t=to tie, bind]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ui-n-k-|t=to bend, tie]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan thinks it probably shares its root with [[vincio|alt=vinciō]] “to bind”, since “to bend” easily becomes “to overcome” for the one who bends the other.^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary gives the root as [[ine-pro|*weyk-|t=to overcome]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[sga|fichid|t=fights]] and [[got|𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽|tr=weihan|t=to fight]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) [[osc|uincter]] is probably borrowed from Latin.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Naevius onwards.^(de Vaan 2008) Ennius has the oracle that “you can conquer the Romans”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to defeat in war, to overcome in a fight, as Plautus' “unless he beats me with his fists”, to beat in a game or race, and to get the better of someone in a dispute or a lawsuit.^(OLD 2012) It meant to subdue the mind or will, to overcome things and conditions, as stones worn down by age in Lucretius, and to surpass, as well as to outbid.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Döderlein contrasts it, driving an opponent from his place, with [[supero|alt=superare]], winning a place from him.^(Döderlein 1874) Its derivatives include [[victor]] and [[victoria|alt=victōria]].^(de Vaan 2008) Romance kept it, as French [[m|fr|vaincre]], and English ''vanquish'' came from the French in the mid-14th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of conquering the Romans.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a fistfight and of outbidding.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of losing a lawsuit.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – English ''vanquish'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|conquer]], defeat (in war), ''(intransitive)'' to win.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To overcome (in a fight).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To beat (in a contest).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|prevail]] over (in a dispute); to win a lawsuit against.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To subdue, overcome (the mind, the will).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To overcome (things, conditions).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|surpass]], outdo.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To outbid.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[convincō]]

+ * [[dēvincō]]

+ * [[ēvincō]]

+ * [[pervincō]]

+ * [[prōvincō]]

+ * [[revincō]]

+ * [[victor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vinciō]]

+ * [[vix]]

+ * [[victoria]]

+ * [[en|vanquish]]

+ * [[en|victory]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein says ''vincere'' has more to do with living opponents, ''superare'' with lifeless obstacles.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}