partita Italian · revision 38427

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=early 13th century, Guidotto da Bologna|origins=la pars}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /parˈti.ta/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''partita''' ''f'' (plural partite)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|it|partire|-ita]], the feminine past participle of the verb in its first sense, “to divide”, used as a noun.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)^(Wiktionary) The verb continues [[la|partior|alt=partīre|t=to divide, share out]], from [[m|la|pars|t=part]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(DELI 1999) Nocentini notes that the idea of something kept apart is still visible both in a football “partita” and in the “partita doppia” of book-keeping.^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ Parallel nouns are [[fr|partie|t=part; game]], [[pro|partida]], [[es|partida]] and [[pt|partida]], and Wiktionary compares [[la-med|partita]] behind the French word.^(REW 1935)^(Körting 1907)^(Wiktionary) In book-keeping the word follows French: “partita doppia” and “partita semplice” copy [[fr|partie double]] (1679) and “partie simple” (1673), although Garzoni already speaks of a single and double ledger in 1585.^(DELI 1999)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ The literary “partita” “departure” comes from [[partire]] “to leave”, which grew out of the same verb through the reflexive “to separate oneself”;^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) GRADIT and Devoto–Oli give it its own numbered heading.^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is in Guidotto da Bologna, early in the 13th century, with the sense “part, portion”, which was given up after the 16th century; the accounting entry follows in a Florentine document of 1260.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The old sense “part” lasted into Giovanni Villani's chronicle, where “the greater part” of an army was killed.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) Old Italian also used ''partita'' and ''partuta'' for a departure: Cielo d'Alcamo has ''partuta'', and Dante writes in ''Purgatorio'' 2 ''né la nostra partita fu men tosta'' (“nor was our departure less swift”).^(GDLI|12, 695) Petrarch used it for death, the last departure.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ In the 14th century the word meant a faction and a game, and, from the 16th a lot of goods sold together (1535) and the leaves of a door or window (before 1555).^(DEI|2786)^(DELI 1999) The first Crusca dictionary (1612) has it for a challenge or competition.^(DELI 1999) Girolamo Frescobaldi used it in 1637 for a set of musical variations; the musical term passed into German in 1649, English in 1864 and French around 1900.^(DELI 1999)^(DIFIT) ''Partita di caccia'' and ''partita di piacere'' are 19th-century French phrases, and ''partita d'onore'' “duel” (1880) copies [[fr|partie d'honneur]].^(DEI|2786) Today the word stands above all for a football match.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Early 13th century – Guidotto da Bologna uses ''partita'' for a part.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1260 – It means an entry in an account in a Florentine document.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1300s – Dante uses it for a departure in the ''Purgatorio''.^(GDLI|12, 695)

+ * 1535 – Antonio Soriano uses it for a lot of goods.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1555 – Sebastiano Serlio uses it for a leaf of a door or window.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1612 – The Crusca dictionary has it for a contest.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1637 – Frescobaldi uses it for a set of variations.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1864 – English ''partita'' is first recorded.^(DIFIT)

+ * 1880 – ''Partita d'onore'' “duel” is recorded.^(DEI|2786)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|game]] or [[m|en|match]] between players or teams, with a result of win, loss or draw: ''una partita a scacchi'', ''una partita di basket tra amici''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # A football match in particular: ''Domenica andiamo tutti alla partita.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Gabrielli 2020)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(tennis, volleyball)'' A set.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A contest or challenge: ''la partita per la presidenza è ancora aperta''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(commerce)'' A lot of goods bought or sold together: ''una partita di olio d'oliva''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(accounting)'' An entry in an account, ''partita IVA'', the VAT number given to a self-employed person or a firm, and the person who has one.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # Each of the leaves of a door, window or piece of furniture.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(music)'' A Baroque piece built on variations of one theme; later a [[m|en|suite]].^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(DELI 1999)

+ # An outing in company, now mostly in phrases such as ''partita di caccia''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # ''(literary)'' Departure, ''(figurative)'' death.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[partitella]]

+ * [[partitone]]

+ * [[partitissima]]

+ * [[contropartita]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[partire]]

+ * [[partito]]

+ * [[parte]]

+ * [[spartito]]

+ * [[fr|partie]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Set phrases include ''dare partita vinta'' “to give in”, ''abbandonare la partita'' “to give up”, ''saldare la partita'' “to settle accounts” and ''giocare a partita doppia'' “to play a double game”.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}