comportare Italian · revision 38420

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 1250, Giacomo da Lentini|origins=la portō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /kom.porˈta.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''comportare''' (first-person singular present compòrto, first-person singular past historic comportài, past participle comportàto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a learned word, [[bor|la|comportō|t=to carry together, collect]], from [[m|la|com-|t=with, together]] and [[m|la|portō|t=to carry]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan takes the Latin simple verb as probably formed from a noun meaning “passage, crossing”, from [[ine-pro|*pr̥-to-|t=passed, crossed]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ The LEI finds the classical sense “to carry together, gather” continued only in [[fro|comporter]] and its Middle French continuation.^(LEI|16, 589) The sense “to bear, tolerate”, which is also the first Italian one, is shared with [[fur|compuartá]], [[rm|cumportar]], [[fr|comporter]], [[pro|comportar]], [[ca|comportar]] (from 1305), [[es|comportar]] (from 1348) and [[pt|comportar]].^(LEI|16, 589)^(REW 1935) DEI calls the verb a word of Italian and western Romance.^(DEI|1038) Meyer-Lübke notes that the Old French verb, meaning “to carry around”, was reshaped in the 16th century into [[fr|colporter]].^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is in Uguccione da Lodi, a Cremonese poet of the early 13th century.^(TLIO) DELI's first date is in Giacomo da Lentini, before 1250, with the sense “to bear, put up with”.^(DELI 1999) Giacomo asks his lady to forgive him and to ''comportare'' his losing all joy, since love is killing him.^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old Italian ''comportare'' meant above all to accept without reacting what others did or said, and, from this to allow something to happen; the TLIO also records the reflexive sense “to keep one's balance in trouble”.^(TLIO) Brunetto Latini uses it for “to permit” before 1294,^(DELI 1999) and Boccaccio's ''Decameron'' has the sense “to endure”, as in bearing poverty patiently.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)^(GDLI)

+

+ The reflexive ''comportarsi'' “to behave in a certain way” is first dated before 1446, in Agnolo Pandolfini.^(DELI 1999) The sense “to bring with it as a consequence”, the main one today, is found before 1540 in Francesco Guicciardini.^(DELI 1999) Nocentini sees it growing out of “to bear” in the 16th century, while Spanish has kept the older sense.^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ The noun ''comportamento'' “behaviour” is first recorded in 1812;^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) the LEI thinks it probably came by way of French, which had ''comportement'' from 1475.^(LEI|16, 589) ''Comportamentismo'' (1950) is a calque on English ''behaviorism''.^(DELI 1999) The noun ''comporto'' was a tolerance: in 1684 Tuscan proclamations use it for the permitted shortfall in the weight of coins, the Crusca of 1729 for the delay a creditor allows a debtor, and in 1925 it is the time a train must wait for a connecting one.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Early 13th century – Uguccione da Lodi uses the verb.^(TLIO)

+ * Before 1250 – Giacomo da Lentini uses ''comportare'' “to bear, tolerate”.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI)

+ * Before 1294 – Brunetto Latini has the sense “to permit, allow”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1446 – Agnolo Pandolfini uses the reflexive “to behave”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1540 – Francesco Guicciardini has “to bring as a consequence”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1684 – ''Comporto'' appears in Tuscan proclamations on coinage.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1812 – ''Comportamento'' “behaviour” is first recorded.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+ * 1950 – ''Comportamentismo'' is recorded as the Italian for behaviourism.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1973 – The adjective ''comportamentale'' enters the Zingarelli dictionary.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|entail]], to bring with it as a consequence: ''Il nuovo orario comporta qualche disagio per i pendolari.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To [[m|en|require]] or presuppose, also with ''che'' and the subjunctive: ''Questo mestiere comporta che si viaggi spesso.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # To admit, allow: ''È una norma che non comporta deroghe.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(literary or uncommon)'' To bear, [[m|en|tolerate]]; of plants, to withstand (frost, a climate).^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(reflexive, comportarsi)'' To [[m|en|behave]], to act in a certain way: ''Si è comportato da vero amico.''^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(reflexive, comportarsi)'' Of animals, plants or substances, to react in a certain way under given conditions.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[comportamento]]

+ * [[comportamentale]]

+ * [[comportamentismo]]

+ * [[comporto]]

+ * [[comportabile]]

+ * [[comportevole]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[portare]]

+ * [[fr|comporter]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}