stringo Latin · revision 3842
15 Oct 2026, 20:26 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Cato|origins=ine-pro *stri-n-g-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈstrɪŋ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈstriŋ.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''stringō''' (present infinitive stringere, perfect active strīnxī, supine strictum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ De Vaan finds two meanings, “to tie, tighten” and “to strip off, bare”, and traces them to two roots: [[inh|itc-pro|*string-|t=to strip off]], [[inh|ine-pro|*stri-n-g-|t=to brush, strip]], and Proto-Italic *strenge/o- “to tie”, from [[ine-pro|*strengh-e/o-|t=to draw, tie]].^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD likewise allows a separate origin for the later senses.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ The sense “strip” is cognate with [[cu|стрищи|tr=strišti|t=to cut, shave]], [[goh|strīhhan|t=to brush]] and [[ang|strīcan]], the sense “tie” with [[mga|srengim|t=I draw, drag]].^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ It is found from Cato onwards.^(de Vaan 2008) Cato tells the farmer to strip the olives when they are black.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to bind fast and to draw tight, as Livy's tight knot.^(OLD 2012) It meant to strip off leaves or fruit, to bare a weapon, as Caesar's soldiers quickly drawing their swords, to graze or scratch, as Virgil's light spear, and to brush or skim past something moving.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Plautus a slave is threatened “I'll tie you to the meat-rack”.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Its compounds with the sense “tie” include [[astringo|alt=adstringere]], [[distringo|alt=distringere]] and [[obstringo|alt=obstringere]].^(de Vaan 2008) English ''strain'' came from it through Old French around 1300, and ''strict'' and ''stringent'' come from its participles.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of stripping olives.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of tying someone up.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of drawing swords.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a spear grazing a man.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1300 – English ''strain'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ * early 15th century – English ''strict'' comes from its participle ''strictus''.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To bind fast, tie.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # To draw tight, [[m|en|tighten]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # To strip off, [[m|en|pluck]] (leaves, fruit).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # To bare, [[m|en|unsheathe]] (a sword).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # To [[m|en|graze]], wound slightly.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # To brush, skim (in passing).^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[astringō]]
+ * [[circumstringō]]
+ * [[cōnstringō]]
+ * [[dēstringō]]
+ * [[distringō]]
+ * [[īnstringō]]
+ * [[interstringō]]
+ * [[obstringō]]
+ * [[perstringō]]
+ * [[praestringō]]
+ * [[restringō]]
+ * [[strictim]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[astrictē]]
+ * [[astrictiō]]
+ * [[astrictōrius]]
+ * [[astrictus]]
+ * [[constrictē]]
+ * [[constrictiō]]
+ * [[constrictīvus]]
+ * [[constrictō]]
+ * [[constrictūra]]
+ * [[constrictus]]
+ * [[en|strain]]
+ * [[en|strict]]
+ * [[en|stringent]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}