odiare Italian · revision 38415

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=before 1250|origins=la ōdī}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /oˈdja.re/^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''odiare''' (first-person singular present òdio, first-person singular past historic odiài, past participle odiàto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed in Italian from the noun for “hatred”: [[af|it|odio|-are]].^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)^(Devoto 1968) The noun is a learned word, [[bor|la|odium|t=hatred]], from [[m|la|ōdī|t=I hate]], a perfect with present sense; the inherited doublet of the noun is [[uggia]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary) The Latin verb had only perfect forms.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

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+ DELI finds no sure Indo-European comparison for the Latin verb, while Nocentini compares [[grc|ὀδύσσασθαι|tr=odússasthai|t=to be angry]] and an Armenian verb meaning “to hate”.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) De Vaan reconstructs a PIE perfect [[ine-pro|*h₃e-h₃(o)d-|t=to hate]] and a noun [[ine-pro|*h₃e/od-io-|t=hatred]], and adds [[ang|atol|t=evil]] and [[non|etja|t=to incite]].^(de Vaan 2008)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first record, in the sense “to hold in hatred”, is an anonymous poem before 1250, which says that many women have husbands by whom they are bitterly hated.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI) GRADIT gives the same date.^(GRADIT 2003)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The weaker sense “to dislike, regard with aversion” is in Giacomo da Lentini, also before 1250.^(DELI 1999) In the love poetry of the 13th century ''odiare'' was also said of a lady who did not return a lover's feelings: Guittone d'Arezzo complains “since for loving you hate me to death”.^(GDLI) The reciprocal ''odiarsi'' “to hate one another” is first dated 1551, in Leonardo Contarini.^(DELI 1999)

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+ The adjective ''odiabile'' “hateful” is Italian, from the verb (Domenico Cavalca, before 1342), while Dante's ''odibile'' echoes Latin ''odibilis''.^(DELI 1999) Today the verb ranges from deep hostility to mere distaste for a food or a habit.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1219 – The noun ''odio'' is first recorded, in the Breve di Montieri.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1250 – An anonymous poet uses ''odiare'' “to hate”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1250 – Giacomo da Lentini uses it for “to dislike”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1342 – Domenico Cavalca uses ''odiabile''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1551 – Leonardo Contarini uses the reciprocal ''odiarsi''.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|hate]], to feel strong hostility towards someone: ''odiare i propri persecutori'', ''farsi odiare'', to make oneself hated.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # To [[m|en|loathe]], to feel deep aversion for something: ''Ha sempre odiato l'ipocrisia.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(weakened)'' To dislike, not to be able to stand: ''Odio aspettare in fila.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(reflexive, odiarsi)'' To hate oneself; reciprocal, to hate each other: ''Dopo il divorzio si odiano.''^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

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+ ==Word family==

+ * [[odiabile]]

+ * [[odiato]]

+ * [[odiatore]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[odio]]

+ * [[odioso]]

+ * [[uggia]]

+ * [[la|odi]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Odiare a morte'' means to hate implacably.^(GDLI)^(Treccani 2011) The stress falls on the stem in the singular present (''io òdio'', ''tu òdi''), as in the noun ''odio''.^(Wiktionary)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}