riprendere Italian · revision 38408

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=before 1250, Giacomo da Lentini|origins=la prehendō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /riˈprɛn.de.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''riprendere''' (first-person singular present riprèndo, first-person singular past historic riprési, past participle ripréso, auxiliary avére or (in the intransitive meaning "to revive") èssere)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old forms include ''repreèndere'', ''reprehèndere'', ''reprèndere'' and ''reprènnere''.^(GDLI|16, 707)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|reprehendō|t=to hold back; to blame]], in its shortened form [[m|la|reprendō]], from [[m|la|prehendō|t=to seize]] with the prefix [[m|la|re-|t=again, back]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) DELI and the GDLI call it a learned word, while Nocentini and DEI treat it as inherited and Devoto–Oli starts from a Vulgar Latin [[m|la-vul|*reprendō|alt=*reprendere]].^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|16, 707)^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|3261)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) The Latin verb meant “to take again”, and through “to hold back by seizing” also “to blame”.^(DELI 1999)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ DEI calls it a word of western Romance: [[fr|reprendre]], [[oc|reprendre]] and [[es|reprender]].^(DEI|3261)^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935) According to Eugenio Coseriu, quoted by DELI, the Italian and French reflexive sense “to recover one's strength” is a calque of Latin “se recipere” (Varro, Cicero), which itself copied [[grc|ἀναλαμβάνω|tr=analambánō|t=to take up again]] with the reflexive pronoun.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|16, 707) Meyer-Lübke derived [[rappresaglia]] from the same verb.^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record, before 1250, is in Giacomo da Lentini, with the sense “to blame, admonish”.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) The sense “to take again” is first found in Dante's ''Commedia'' (1300–1313).^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Guittone d'Arezzo, before 1294, uses the verb for an illness or a vice that strikes again, and Dante both for taking something again and for resuming after a pause.^(DELI 1999) Giovanni Villani, before 1348, has it for retaking a place, and Fazio degli Uberti, before 1367, uses the reflexive for correcting oneself.^(DELI 1999) Torquato Tasso uses it absolutely in 1581 for going on speaking.^(DELI 1999) The noun ''ripresa'', the substantivized past participle, appears in Villani, and ''a più riprese'' “several times” is common from the 19th century.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ The 20th century added film and photography: the verb for shooting a scene is recorded in 1931, and ''ripresa'' for a shot soon after.^(DELI 1999) Tailors use it for taking in a seam.^(DELI 1999)^(Wiktionary) The reflexive ''riprendersi'', “to recover”, is recorded in Lorenzo Viani before 1936.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1250 – Giacomo da Lentini uses ''riprendere'' “to blame”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1294 – Guittone d'Arezzo uses it of an illness that returns.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1300–1313 – Dante uses it for “to take again” and “to resume”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1348 – Giovanni Villani uses it for retaking a place, and the noun ''ripresa''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1367 – Fazio degli Uberti uses ''riprendersi'' “to mend one's ways”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1581 – Torquato Tasso uses it for “to continue speaking”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1931 – The sense “to film” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1936 – Lorenzo Viani uses ''riprendersi'' “to recover”.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(transitive)'' To take again, take hold of again: ''Riprese la borsa e uscì.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To recapture; to catch up with: ''Il gruppo ha ripreso i due fuggitivi in salita.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To take back something given or lent; to pick up someone from a place: ''Passo a riprenderti alle otto.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To [[m|en|recapture]], retake a position or a town.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(DELI 1999)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To recover a strength or a state: ''riprendere fiato'', ''riprendere coraggio'', ''riprendere conoscenza''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(transitive)'' Of a feeling or an illness, to seize someone again: ''Nel pomeriggio lo riprese la febbre.''^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(DELI 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(transitive and intransitive)'' To [[m|en|resume]], start again after a pause: ''Dopo la pausa riprese a scrivere.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To [[m|en|reprimand]], scold: ''La maestra lo riprese per il ritardo.''^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To film or photograph: ''La scena è stata ripresa dall'alto.''^(DELI 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(transitive, tailoring)'' To take in a seam or a garment.^(DELI 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(intransitive, auxiliary essere)'' Of a plant, to revive.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(riprendersi)'' To [[m|en|recover]] one's strength or composure; to correct oneself.^(DELI 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ripresa]]

+ * [[riprensione]]

+ * [[riprensibile]]

+ * [[irreprensibile]]

+ * [[riprendersi]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[prendere]]

+ * [[rappresaglia]]

+ * [[la|reprehendō]]

+ * [[fr|reprendre]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}