ripetere Italian · revision 38376

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1313–1319, Dante|origins=la petō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /riˈpɛ.te.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ripetere''' (first-person singular present ripèto, first-person singular past historic ripetéi, past participle ripetùto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+ An older form is [[roa-oit|repetere]].^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)^(GDLI|16, 655)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a learned word, [[bor|la|repetō|alt=repetere|t=to seek again; to claim back; to repeat]], from [[m|la|petō|t=to make for; to ask]] with the prefix [[m|la|re-|t=again]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) DELI notes that the Latin verb had two rather different senses, “to ask again” and “to claim what is owed”, and that both passed into Italian, as did the double sense of its derivatives [[m|la|repetītiō]] and [[m|la|repetītor]].^(DELI 1999) Devoto gives the original meaning as “to head again towards someone”.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Devoto 1968|374) De Vaan traces [[m|la|petō]] to [[ine-pro|*pet-|t=to fly]], through a shift from “fly towards” to “try to reach”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Körting lists it among the words that every Romance language has only in learned form, like [[fr|répéter]] and [[es|repetir]].^(Körting 1907)^(Nocentini 2010) Meyer-Lübke records popular southern outcomes of the Latin verb in the sense of mourning: Abruzzese [[m|nap|arpete|t=to lament the dead]], Sicilian [[m|scn|repitu|t=weeping]], and southern names for hired mourners.^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first record is Dante (1313–1319), for “to say again, to say over”.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) Ludovico Ariosto (1520) uses it in the legal sense “to claim back”.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ “To do again, perform again” is recorded in Francesco Guicciardini before 1540.^(DELI 1999) Boccaccio already used it for going over past events in the mind, a sense now literary.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010) In school language ''ripetere la lezione'' is to go over a lesson, and ''ripetere l'anno'' to repeat a school year after failing; the ''ripetente'', a pupil who repeats a year, is recorded in 1902.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ The reflexive ''ripetersi'', to say the same things over and over, appears in Tommaseo (1872), who also records it for “to happen again” but called that use not genuinely Italian.^(DELI 1999) The joking phrase ''Paganini non ripete'' refuses a repeat, after the violinist who gave no encores.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011) In law ''ripetere'' still means to claim back an undue payment.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1311 – ''Repetitore'' “private tutor” appears in Giordano da Pisa.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1313–1319 – Dante uses ''ripetere'' “to say again”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1520 – Ludovico Ariosto uses the legal sense “to claim back”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1540 – Francesco Guicciardini uses it for “to do again”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1872 – Tommaseo records ''ripetersi'' for repeating oneself.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1902 – ''Ripetente'', a pupil repeating a year, is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1974 – ''Ripetitivo'' is recorded.^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(transitive)'' To say again words already said, by oneself or by others; to [[m|en|repeat]]: ''Puoi ripetere il numero di telefono?''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To pass on, report what one has heard: ''Non ripetere a nessuno quello che ti ho raccontato.''^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To recite what one has learnt: ''ripetere la lezione''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To do or perform again: ''Il medico ha voluto ripetere le analisi.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To achieve again: ''La squadra spera di ripetere l'impresa.''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(education)'' To repeat a school year after failing: ''Ha dovuto ripetere la terza media.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(law)'' To [[m|en|claim]] something back, especially an undue payment.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(literary)'' To go over in the memory.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(pronominal, ripetersi)'' To say or do the same things over and over; to happen again.^(DELI 1999)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ripetente]]

+ * [[ripetibile]]

+ * [[irripetibile]]

+ * [[ripetutamente]]

+ * [[ripetitivo]]

+ * [[ripetenza]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ripetizione]]

+ * [[ripetitore]]

+ * [[petizione]]

+ * [[la|repeto]]

+ * [[fr|répéter]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Paganini non ripete!'' is a joking refusal to say or do something a second time.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011) ''Coazione a ripetere'' is the psychoanalytic “repetition compulsion”.^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}