studiare Italian · revision 38352

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=late 13th century, Novellino|origins=la studeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /stuˈdja.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''studiare''' (first-person singular present stùdio, first-person singular past historic studiài, past participle studiàto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a derivative of [[studio]], with the verb ending [[-are]];^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary) the noun is a learned word, [[bor|la|studium|t=zeal, eagerness; study]], from [[m|la|studeō|t=to be eager for, apply oneself, study]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) DEI and Prati see the verb as a learned word too, from [[la-med|studiō|alt=studiare]], which replaced the classical verb and also gave [[fro|estudier]] (12th century).^(DEI|3663)^(Prati 1951|959) The same verb is [[es|estudiar]], and [[ro|studia]] is a loan.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ De Vaan explains the Latin verb as a stative verb from a root [[ine-pro|*(s)tewd-|t=to push, strike]], the root of [[la|tundō|t=to beat]]: “to be thrusting” became “to strive after”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Nocentini likewise sees the sense “to desire eagerly” as growing out of “to be struck”.^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ The inherited outcome of “studium” was [[roa-oit|stoggio]] “affectation, wheedling”.^(Prati 1951|959)^(REW 1935) DEI records popular dialect forms of the verb at Lucca, Pisa, Montepulciano and on Monte Amiata, and an Old Bolognese participle of the 13th century.^(DEI|3663)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Nocentini and GRADIT date the verb to the second half of the 13th century.^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003) DELI's earliest dated sense is “to attend the courses of a school or university”, in the ''Novellino'' of the late 13th century; the sense “to study a subject” follows in Iacopone da Todi, before 1306.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian also used the verb for striving and taking pains, in the intransitive and reflexive (''studiarsi di'', Giordano da Pisa, 1305–1306), and for hurrying: Dante's “non v'arrestate, ma studiate il passo” means “don't stop, but quicken your step”.^(DELI 1999)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020) In the 14th century it meant to examine or ponder something.^(DELI 1999) Boccaccio's ''Decameron'' has the medieval phrase ''studiare in medicina'' and the doctor who had “studied in Paris”.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ Manzoni, in ''I promessi sposi'' (1825–1827), uses it for weighing one's own words and actions, and the reflexive “to observe oneself” is recorded in 1965.^(DELI 1999) Familiar Italian also says ''studiarle tutte'', to try every trick.^(Treccani 2011)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 13th century – The ''Novellino'' uses the verb for attending school.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1306 – Iacopone da Todi uses it for studying a subject.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1305–1306 – Giordano da Pisa uses ''studiarsi'' “to strive”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 14th century – The sense “to examine, ponder” appears.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1825–1827 – Manzoni uses it for measuring one's words and actions.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1965 – The reflexive “to observe oneself” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|study]], to learn a subject, art or skill methodically, with books or a teacher: ''Quest'anno studio il giapponese.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To be a student, to follow a course of studies: ''Mia sorella studia ingegneria a Torino.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # Of actors and musicians, to learn and rehearse a part or a piece.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # To [[m|en|examine]] closely, to observe in order to form an opinion: ''Il portiere studiava ogni movimento dell'attaccante.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # To work out, [[m|en|devise]]: ''Stanno studiando una soluzione per il traffico.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # To weigh, control one's words, gestures or behaviour.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(reflexive, studiarsi di)'' To strive, try hard to do something.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # ''(archaic)'' To hasten: ''studiare il passo''.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[studiato]]

+ * [[studiacchiare]]

+ * [[studicchiare]]

+ * [[ristudiare]]

+ * [[studiabile]]

+ * [[studiatore]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[studente]]

+ * [[studio]]

+ * [[studioso]]

+ * [[la|studeo]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}