vino Italian · revision 38331

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=early 12th century, Pisan ship's account|origins=la vīnum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈvi.no/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vino''' ''m'' (plural vini)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old Italian had a plural ''vina'', in Jacopone da Todi.^(DEI|4059)^(DÉRom) The TLIO records ''vin'', ''vinu'' and ''binu'' among the old forms.^(TLIO)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|vīnum|t=wine]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)^(DÉRom) The Latin noun was neuter, and became masculine in the spoken language;^(DELI 1999)^(OLD 2012) Petronius already has a masculine [[m|la|vinus]].^(DELI 1999)^(OLD 2012) The old Italian plural in ⟨-a⟩ and the Romanian gender continue the neuter, according to DÉRom.^(DÉRom)

+

+ The word is panromance: [[fr|vin]], [[oc|vi]], [[ca|vi]], [[es|vino]], [[pt|vinho]], [[sc|binu]], [[dlm|ven]] and [[ro|vin]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)^(DÉRom) Latin passed it on to Germanic, as [[goh|wīn]] (whence [[de|Wein]]) and [[ang|wīn]] (whence [[m|en|wine]]), to Celtic, as [[ga|fíon]] and [[cy|gwin]], and to Slavic, as [[cu|вино|tr=vino]] (whence [[ru|вино|tr=vinó]]).^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|4059)

+

+ The origin of the Latin word is disputed: DELI, DEI and the OLD see it, with [[grc|οἶνος|tr=oînos]] and [[xcl|գինի|tr=gini]], as a word of a Mediterranean substrate.^(DELI 1999)^(DEI|4059)^(OLD 2012) Nocentini thinks Latin took it from Greek ⟨woinos⟩ through [[ett|vinum]], and calls it a travelling word spread with the trade in wine from the region between the Black Sea and the Caucasus.^(Nocentini 2010) De Vaan derives the Latin, Greek, Armenian and [[hit|wiyana-]] forms from an Indo-European noun meaning “vine”, from a root “to twist, weave”, and reconstructs [[itc-pro|*wīnom]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is in a Pisan ship's account of the early 12th century, for the drink made by fermenting grape must.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(TLIO)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 14th century Marco Polo's ''Milione'' and the Italian Palladius use the word for drinks made from other fruit, such as rice wine;^(DELI 1999)^(DEI|4059)^(TLIO) Old Italian ''essere in vino'' meant “to be drunk”.^(DELI 1999)^(DEI|4059)^(TLIO) In the ''Decameron'' a character asks for ''questo fiasco del vostro buon vin vermiglio'' (“this flask of your good red wine”) to be filled.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ Derivatives include ''vinaccia'' (about 1350), ''vinaio'' (1551), ''vinoso'' and ''vinsanto'' (1773), whose name has been explained by hermit monks or by pressing the grapes at Christmas, explanations that DELI finds made up to fit.^(DELI 1999) ''Vin brulé'' (1877) is the French name for mulled wine.^(DEI|4059) English ''vino'' “cheap wine” is slang recorded from 1919.^(Etymonline)^(DIFIT)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Early 12th century – A Pisan ship's account has ''vino''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 14th century – The word is used for drinks from other fruit.^(DELI 1999)

+ * c. 1350 – ''Vinaccia'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1551 – ''Vinaio'' “wine seller” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1773 – ''Vinsanto'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1919 – English ''vino'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|wine]], the alcoholic drink made by fermenting grape [[m|en|must]]: ''Preferisci il vino bianco o il rosso?''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # A fermented drink made from other fruit or plants: ''vino di palma''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(invariable)'' Of a deep red tending to violet, wine-coloured: ''un cappotto rosso vino''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[vinaccia]]

+ * [[vinaio]]

+ * [[vinello]]

+ * [[vinicolo]]

+ * [[vinificare]]

+ * [[vinificazione]]

+ * [[vinoso]]

+ * [[vinsanto]]

+ * [[vineria]]

+ * [[avvinazzato]]

+ * [[svinare]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vite]]

+ * [[vigna]]

+ * [[enologia]]

+ * [[la|vinum]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The proverb ''dire pane al pane e vino al vino'' means to speak plainly.^(Treccani 2011)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}