arrabbiato Italian · revision 38327

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=late 13th century, Jacopone da Todi|origins=la rabiēs}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ar.rabˈbja.to/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''arrabbiato''' (feminine arrabbiata, masculine plural arrabbiati, feminine plural arrabbiate, superlative arrabbiatissimo)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old forms include [[roa-oit|arabbiato]], [[roa-oit|arrabiato]] and southern [[roa-oit|arrabiatu]], with forms without /b/ such as [[roa-oit|arraiatu]].^(TLIO)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the past participle of [[arrabbiare|t=to catch rabies; to get angry]], used as an adjective.^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)^(Wiktionary) The verb is formed [[af|it|a-|rabbia|t2=rabies; rage]], with the prefix ⟨a-⟩ that turns a noun into a verb, a parasynthetic formation in DELI's terms.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ The noun is [[inh|la-lat|rabia]], the Late Latin form of classical [[m|la|rabiēs|t=rabies; frenzy]], from the verb [[m|la|rabiō|t=to rave]].^(Nocentini 2010) Nocentini compares [[sa|रभस्|tr=rábhas|t=violence, impetuosity]].^(Nocentini 2010) The same Latin noun gave [[fr|rage]], [[oc|rabia]], [[es|rabia]] and [[pt|raiva]].^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The earliest record is in the lauds of Jacopone da Todi, who died in 1306, where anger is said to drive a man mad “like a rabid dog”.^(DELI 1999)^(TLIO)^(GDLI) The first sense was that of an animal, above all a dog, sick with rabies.^(DELI 1999)^(TLIO)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The sense “furious, enraged” of people is found in Dante, before 1321, in the ''arrabbiate ombre'' of the falsifiers in ''Inferno'' 30, who run about biting one another.^(DELI 1999)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) Old Italian also used the word for someone out of his mind or writhing in torment, and for a vice or a hardship pushed to the extreme.^(TLIO) The sense “stubborn, dogged” dates from the end of the 14th century.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ In modern Italian the adjective also describes a fanatical supporter or habitual doer of something, as in ''fumatore arrabbiato'' “chain smoker”, and placed after another adjective it intensifies it (''salato arrabbiato'' “far too salty”).^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)^(Gabrielli 2020) In cooking, ''all'arrabbiata'' is food in a very hot, spicy sauce, best known in ''penne all'arrabbiata''.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Wiktionary) ''Giovani arrabbiati'' translates the English ''angry young men'', the British writers of the 1950s.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010) In 15th-century Florence the ''Arrabbiati'' were the faction opposed to the Medici and to Savonarola.^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 13th century – Jacopone da Todi uses ''arrabbiato'' of a rabid dog.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(TLIO)

+ * Before 1313 – Cecco Angiolieri has the verb ''arrabbiare'' “to get angry”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1321 – Dante uses it for “enraged”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Late 14th century – The sense “dogged, persistent” appears in a translation of Augustine.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1865 – ''Arrabbiatura'' “fit of anger” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|angry]], furious: ''Era così arrabbiato che non mi ha neanche salutato.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # [[m|en|rabid]]: of an animal, sick with rabies: ''una volpe arrabbiata''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Dogged, fanatical, inveterate: ''un interista arrabbiato''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' After another adjective, intensifying it: “terribly”: ''un albergo caro arrabbiato''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(agriculture)'' Of soil, made barren by bad tilling or bad weather, so that the wheat grows poorly.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(cooking)'' Cooked over a fierce heat or with hot spices, especially in ''all'arrabbiata''.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[arrabbiata]]

+ * [[arrabbiatamente]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[arrabbiare]]

+ * [[rabbia]]

+ * [[rabbioso]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}