pianeta Italian · revision 38316

+ DELI, Nocentini and GRADIT give ''pianeta'' two numbered entries: the masculine noun for a planet and the feminine noun for the priest's chasuble, both from Late Latin ''planēta''.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)

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+ {{homograph|1|planet}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1282, Ristoro d'Arezzo|origins=grc πλανάω}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /pjaˈne.ta/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pianeta''' ''m'' (plural pianeti)^(Wiktionary)

+ Older forms include [[roa-oit|planeta]] and [[roa-oit|pianeto]].^(DELI 1999)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) The word was also feminine in Old Italian.^(DELI 1999)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) The word is [[nap|chianeta]] in Naples.^(DEI|2893)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The planet is [[bor|la-lat|planēta]], [[der|grc|πλανήτης|tr=planḗtēs|t=wandering, wanderer]], from [[m|grc|πλανάω|tr=planáō|t=to wander, to stray]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003) The Greek verb is of uncertain origin.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|13, 269) Greek called the planets “wandering stars”, as against the fixed stars, and the word reached Latin in Ausonius in the 4th century.^(DEI|2893)

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+ The Latin word is also the source of [[fr|planète]], recorded from the 12th century, and [[es|planeta]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|2893)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Ristoro d'Arezzo uses the learned form ''planeta'' in his ''Composizione del mondo'' of 1282.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) The form ''pianeta'' appears, as a feminine noun, before 1294 in Brunetto Latini, and as a masculine noun before 1321 in Dante.^(DELI 1999) The planets were then the seven heavenly bodies believed to circle the Earth: the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn.^(GDLI|13, 269)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In old poetry ''pianeta'' could mean any star, and Dante speaks of a night “deprived of every planet” (''privata / d'ogne pianeta'').^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) From the belief in the influence of the stars came the sense “fate, destiny”, recorded before 1388 in Antonio Pucci;^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) Panzini noted in 1908 that it popularly meant bad luck, and Manzoni uses it in this sense.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) By 1923 the word also named the slip of paper with a printed horoscope sold by wandering vendors.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

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+ Modern astronomy restricts the word to the bodies that orbit the Sun or another star.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) The diminutive ''pianetino'', a minor planet or asteroid, is recorded in 1660.^(DELI 1999) Journalism uses it for a world of its own, often without a preposition: ''il pianeta calcio'', ''il pianeta donna''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1282 – Ristoro d'Arezzo uses the form ''planeta''.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * Before 1294 – Brunetto Latini uses ''pianeta'' as a feminine noun.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1321 – Dante uses it as a masculine noun.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1388 – Antonio Pucci uses it for fate.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1660 – The diminutive ''pianetino'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1923 – Panzini records the sense “printed horoscope”.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(astronomy)'' A [[m|en|planet]], a celestial body that orbits the Sun or another star and shines by reflected light: ''Marte è il quarto pianeta del sistema solare.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(historical)'' Each of the seven heavenly bodies once believed to revolve around the Earth.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A world of its own, a sphere of habits or interests; in journalism followed by a noun: ''il pianeta scuola''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(literary)'' A star; also a person held up as a model.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(figurative)'' [[m|en|fate]], destiny.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # A printed [[m|en|horoscope]] on a slip of paper; in this sense also feminine.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pianetino]]

+ * [[pianetoide]]

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+ {{homograph|2|chasuble}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=14th century, Esposizione del Pater noster|origins=grc πλανήτης}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /pjaˈne.ta/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pianeta''' ''f'' (plural pianete)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old forms include [[roa-oit|pianea]], [[roa-oit|pianeda]] and [[roa-oit|pianetta]].^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The chasuble is [[bor|la-lat|planēta]], recorded from the 5th century and in Isidore of Seville, with Cassiodorus's [[m|la-lat|planetica]] in the 6th century and [[la-med|planeta]] at Treviso in 867, at Parma in 913 and at Farfa in 1125.^(DELI 1999)^(DEI|2893) It is the same Latin word as the planet, from [[grc|πλανήτης|tr=planḗtēs|t=wandering]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

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+ The reason for the name is not certain.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) DELI and DEI think the garment was so called because it could turn around the wearer;^(DELI 1999)^(DEI|2893) Nocentini, GRADIT and Devoto–Oli start from the Latin sense “travelling cloak”, the coat of one who goes wandering.^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) [[es|planeta]] has the same sense.^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first records are the ''Esposizione del Pater noster'' of the 14th century and a document from Monte Amiata of 1363;^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) GRADIT dates the word before 1342.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) The ''Esposizione'' lists the chasubles among the holy things of the church, with chalices and corporals.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The chasuble was at first a closed cloak with an opening for the head.^(DEI|2893)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) It was later shortened and cut away at the sides until it looked like a scapular, and the Second Vatican Council brought back the older shape.^(GDLI) Boccaccio's will leaves a chasuble with stole and maniple of red silk.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) The colour changes with the liturgical season and the ceremony.^(DELI 1999)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1342 – GRADIT's first date for the vestment.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * 1363 – ''Pianeta'' is recorded in a document from Monte Amiata.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(Roman Catholicism)'' A [[m|en|chasuble]], the richly decorated outer vestment the priest wears over the alb to celebrate Mass.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pianetaio]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[la|planeta]]

+ * [[fr|planète]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}