cadavere Italian · revision 38306

21 Oct 2026, 21:10 by bogdan “Italian it75l b03” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=late 13th century, Fatti di Cesare (Sienese)}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * /kaˈda.ve.re/^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''cadavere''' ''m'' (plural cadaveri)^(Wiktionary)
+ The older form is [[roa-oit|cadavero]], used until the 18th century.^(DELI 1999)^(LEI|9, 402)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is a learned word, [[bor|la|cadaver|alt=cadāver|t=corpse]] (genitive “cadāveris”).^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(DEI|657) The Old Italian form “cadavero” was remade after masculine nouns in “-o”.^(DELI 1999)^(LEI|9, 402)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) The form closer to the Latin began to spread in the 17th century and had replaced the older one by the 18th.^(DELI 1999) As a learned word it has parallels in [[fr|cadavre]], [[ca|cadàver]], [[es|cadáver]] and [[pt|cadáver]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(LEI|9, 402)
+ 
+ The ancients already connected the noun with [[la|cado|alt=cadō|t=to fall]], and Isidore wrote that it is named “a cadendo, quia iam stare non potest” (“from falling, because it can no longer stand”).^(GDLI|2, 486)^(DELI 1999)^(OLD 2012) Nocentini explains it as “the fallen one”, formed with the suffix of the Indo-European perfect participle, like [[grc|πτῶμα|tr=ptôma|t=corpse]], properly “what has fallen”.^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|657) De Vaan accepts this with reservations.^(Wiktionary) A medieval folk etymology read the word as “caro data vermibus”, “flesh given to worms”.^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ Southern dialect forms with “l” may show Ibero-Romance influence, compare [[ca|calavera|t=skull]].^(LEI|9, 402) In [[nap|catàvërë]] means a run-down person close to death.^(DEI|657)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The TLIO's first record is the Sienese ''Fatti di Cesare'' of the late 13th century, for a dead human body.^(TLIO) GRADIT dates the word to before 1364, in Zanobi da Strada, who already explained it “secondo i grammatici, da cadere” (“according to the grammarians, from ''cadere''”).^(GRADIT 2003)^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|2, 486)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ In the 14th century the word also named the carcass of an animal.^(TLIO) In 1551 Giovan Battista Gelli still felt it as a Latin word: the dead body is called “un cadavero, a modo de' latini, o veramente un morto, a modo de' volgari” (“a ''cadavero'', in the Latin way, or rather a dead man, in the common way”).^(DELI 1999) The form ''cadavere'' appears in Leon Battista Alberti about 1472 and in Giovan Battista Marino in 1623.^(LEI|9, 402)^(DELI 1999)
+ 
+ From the 16th to the 18th century ''cadavero'' was also used for a wreck or a broken machine, such as a stopped clock.^(LEI|9, 402)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861|1, 1100) Figuratively the word describes a very pale or emaciated person, ''un cadavere ambulante''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) Journalists speak of a ''cadavere eccellente'', a prominent victim, after Francesco Rosi's film ''Cadaveri eccellenti'' (1975).^(Devoto–Oli 2026)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * Late 13th century – The Sienese ''Fatti di Cesare'' use the word.^(TLIO)
+ * Before 1364 – Zanobi da Strada uses ''cadavero''.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)
+ * About 1472 – Leon Battista Alberti writes ''cadavere''.^(LEI|9, 402)
+ * 1551 – Gelli calls ''cadavero'' a Latin word.^(DELI 1999)
+ * 1623 – Giovan Battista Marino uses ''cadavere''.^(DELI 1999)
+ * 1745 – The adjective ''cadaverico'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)
+ * 1975 – Francesco Rosi's film ''Cadaveri eccellenti'' is released.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|corpse]], the human body after death: ''I soccorritori trovarono il cadavere sotto le macerie.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)
+ # ''(colloquial)'' The [[m|en|carcass]] of an animal: ''C'era il cadavere di un riccio sul bordo della strada.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(TLIO)
+ # ''(figurative)'' A very pale or [[m|en|emaciated]] person: ''Dopo la malattia sembrava un cadavere.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[cadaverico]]
+ * [[cadaverina]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[cadere]]
+ * [[la|cadaver]]
+ 
+ ==Usage notes==
+ In Italian law ''vilipendio di cadavere'' (desecration of a corpse) and ''occultamento di cadavere'' (concealment of a corpse) are offences.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011) ''Bianco'' or ''freddo come un cadavere'' means deathly pale or cold.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}