giornale Italian · revision 38305

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1274, Pietro da Bescapè (Lombard)|origins=ine-pro *dyḗws}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /d͡ʒorˈna.le/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''giornale''' ''m'' (plural giornali)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|it|giorno|-ale]], on the model of [[la|diurnalis|alt=diurnālis|t=daily]].^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary) The TLIO and the GDLI see the model rather in [[fr|journal]], and Gabrielli names both.^(TLIO)^(GDLI|6, 816)^(Gabrielli 2020) The Latin adjective is formed on [[m|la|diurnus|t=of the day]], from [[m|la|dies|alt=diēs|t=day]].^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan traces “diēs” to the accusative of [[ine-pro|*dyḗws|t=god of the clear sky]]: the day was the time when the sky is bright.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The word was first an adjective, “daily”, and the noun comes from phrases such as “foglio giornale” or “libro giornale”, a sheet or book kept day by day.^(DELI 1999)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)^(Wiktionary) DELI points out that the noun's senses arose in the opposite order to the one they have today: first the merchant's daybook, then the diary, then a periodical, above all a literary one, and last the daily newspaper.^(DELI 1999) In that last sense French [[m|fr|journal]], recorded from 1631 and shortened from “papier journal” (1553), played its part.^(DEI|1813)^(GDLI|6, 816) The derivative [[giornalista]] in its modern sense, and [[giornalismo]], follow [[fr|journaliste]] (1704) and “journalisme” (1788).^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is the Lombard poem of Pietro da Bescapè (1274), for something that happens every day.^(TLIO) The TLIO also has ''stella giornale'' for the morning star, the planet Venus, apparently a calque of French ''étoile journale''.^(TLIO) As a noun the word first appears in commerce, as ''giornale del banco'', the daily register of a bank, in 1394.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In 1573 Lionardo Salviati could still explain the writer of a ''diario'' as the writer of a ''giornale'', “in our way of speaking”, and DELI records the sense “diary” in 1552.^(DELI 1999) Lorenzo Magalotti rendered the French ''Journal des Sçavans'' as ''giornale de' letterati'', and a ''Giornale de' letterati'' was published in Rome in 1673.^(DELI 1999) The first newspapers in Italy, in 16th-century Venice, were called ''avvisi'' or ''gazzette''.^(DEI|1813)^(Prati 1951|505) The modern sense spread at the beginning of the 19th century, with titles such as Vincenzo Cuoco's ''Giornale italiano'' (Milan, 1804); Nocentini dates the sense “printed sheet” to 1797.^(DEI|1813)^(Prati 1951|505)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ''Giornalista'' first named an official of the Venetian banks (1584) and then a compiler of literary journals (1669); in 1886 Rigutini still accepted its modern sense only reluctantly.^(DELI 1999) The 20th century added ''giornale parlato'' (1922–1923) and ''giornale radio'' (1950) for the radio news, and ''giornale murale'' (1932), a wall newspaper, after the Russian ''stengazeta''.^(DELI 1999) The adjective “daily” is now obsolete.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1274 – Pietro da Bescapè uses ''giornale'' “daily”.^(TLIO)

+ * 1394 – ''Giornale del banco'', a bank's daybook, is recorded.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * 1552 – The word is used for a diary.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1584 – ''Giornalista'' names an official of the Venetian banks.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1673 – The ''Giornale de' letterati'' appears in Rome.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1797 – The sense “printed newspaper” is recorded.^(Nocentini 2010)

+ * 1804 – Vincenzo Cuoco's ''Giornale italiano'' appears in Milan.^(Prati 1951|505)

+ * 1950 – ''Giornale radio'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|newspaper]], especially a daily one: ''Ogni mattina compro il giornale all'edicola sotto casa.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # A [[m|en|periodical]] or [[m|en|magazine]]: ''un giornale di cucina''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # The offices of a newspaper: ''È rimasto al giornale fino a mezzanotte.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # A news bulletin on radio or television: ''il giornale radio delle otto''.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # A [[m|en|diary]] or [[m|en|log]] in which events are written down day by day: ''il giornale di bordo''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(accounting)'' A [[m|en|daybook]], the register of a firm's daily transactions.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(obsolete)'' Daily.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[giornalaio]]

+ * [[giornaletto]]

+ * [[giornalino]]

+ * [[giornalismo]]

+ * [[giornalista]]

+ * [[giornalistico]]

+ * [[giornaliero]]

+ * [[giornalmente]]

+ * [[giornalese]]

+ * [[giornalesco]]

+ * [[telegiornale]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[giorno]]

+ * [[diurno]]

+ * [[la|diurnalis]]

+ * [[fr|journal]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Giornale di bordo'' is a ship's logbook, ''libro giornale'' the daybook firms must keep by law, and ''giornale di classe'' a school class register.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}