joint English · revision 3830

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1290|origins=la iungō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /dʒɔɪnt/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|jointe]],^(MWU 2024) [[bor|fro|joint|t=joint of the body]], past participle of [[m|fro|joindre|t=to join]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(NODE 1998) from [[la|iūnctus|t=united, connected]], past participle of [[m|la|iungere|t=to join together]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from a nasalised form of [[ine-pro|*yeug-|t=to join]].^(Etymonline) The adjective is from Old French jointiz “joined together” and the participle joint.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) It is related to [[join]], [[junction]], [[conjunction]] and [[yoke]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Where two bones meet and move against each other: about 1290 in the OED,^(OED 1989) about 1300 in Etymonline and Barnhart.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In general use, of insect and plant parts and of the place where two parts of a structure meet, it is from the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) ''Out of joint'', of a dislocated bone, is from 1393, and figuratively, “disordered”, from the early 15th century.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) A cut of meat on the bone is from the early 15th century.^(Etymonline) The adjective, “united, sharing”, is from 1424^(Barnhart 1988) or the early 15th century,^(Etymonline) and ''joint-stock'' from the 1610s.^(Etymonline) The slang sense “a place, an establishment”, especially one where people meet for shady purposes, is from 1877, after earlier Anglo-Irish use (1821), perhaps of a private side room joined to a main one;^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) in the United States it was an opium den by 1883.^(Etymonline) A marijuana cigarette is from 1938, perhaps as something smoked in common;^(Etymonline) earlier it meant a hypodermic outfit (1935).^(Etymonline) “Prison” is recorded from 1953, in William Burroughs's ''Junkie''.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1290 – a joint of the body.^(OED 1989)

+ * late 14th century – a joint in a structure.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1393 – ''out of joint''.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1424 – adjective, shared.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1610s – ''joint-stock''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1877 – a place, a dive.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1938 – a marijuana cigarette.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1953 – prison.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A place where two or more things are joined.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # A point where two bones meet, especially one that allows movement.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # A large piece of meat for roasting.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # ''(slang)'' A cheap or disreputable bar or nightclub; any place.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # ''(slang)'' A [[marijuana]] cigarette.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # ''(slang)'' Prison.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Shared by two or more: ''a joint account''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # Acting together; united: ''joint owners''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # Involving both houses of a [[legislature]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To join with a joint, or provide with joints.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To cut meat into joints.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[jointed]]

+ * [[jointedly]]

+ * [[jointedness]]

+ * [[jointly]]

+ * [[jointless]]

+ * [[subjoint]]

+ * [[unjoint]]

+ * [[ball joint]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[join]]

+ * [[junction]]

+ * [[juncture]]

+ * [[conjunction]]

+ * [[yoke]]

+ * [[jointure]]

+ * [[adjoin]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}