emergenza Italian · revision 38249

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation, semantic loan|attested=1667, Vittorio Siri|origins=la mergō}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /e.merˈd͡ʒɛn.t͡sa/^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''emergenza''' ''f'' (plural emergenze)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|it|emergere|-enza]], the noun of action of the verb.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary compares [[la-med|ēmergentia]], from the present participle of [[la|ēmergō]], which is formed [[m|la|ē-|t=out]] and [[m|la|mergō]].^(Wiktionary)^(Wikizionario) The sense “sudden danger, crisis” follows [[en|emergency]], according to Nocentini, Devoto–Oli, Treccani and Devoto.^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)^(Devoto 1968) Sabatini–Coletti derives the word from English outright, while Zingarelli gives it numbered entries of its own: one from [[emergente]] (1641), the other from the English noun (1966).^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first record is in Vittorio Siri, 1667, in the sense “unforeseen circumstance, especially a dangerous one”: Siri writes of “those emergencies that make power uncertain” (''quelle emergenze che rendono dubbioso il potere'').^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI)^(GRADIT 2003) Zingarelli dates the sense “emergence” to 1641.^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 17th and 18th centuries ''emergenza'' was a learned word for an occurrence or turn of events: Davila writes of the ''emergenze delle occasioni'', and Vico of laws made for two ''particolari emergenze''.^(GDLI) Tommaseo, in the 1860s, found it more usual than the noun ''emergente'' “but not nice”.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

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+ The modern sense of a crisis that calls for prompt and exceptional action came with the English model, and ''stato di emergenza'' is the state of emergency in which authorities take special powers.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)^(Zingarelli 2010) Journalists put the word before another noun to name a public problem, as in ''emergenza droga'' or ''emergenza rifiuti''.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) In art criticism an ''emergenza'' is a monument or work that stands out from its setting, and in botany an outgrowth of the stem or leaves, such as the prickles of the rose.^(Treccani 2011)^(GRADIT 2003)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1641 – Zingarelli's date for the sense “emergence”.^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ * 1667 – Vittorio Siri uses ''emergenze'' for unforeseen circumstances.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1860s – Tommaseo records the word as more usual than ''emergente''.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+ * 1966 – Zingarelli's date for the sense modelled on English ''emergency''.^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|emergency]], a sudden difficulty that calls for quick action: ''Tieni sempre una torcia in macchina per le emergenze.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A situation of public danger or crisis requiring exceptional measures: ''stato di emergenza''; also before another noun, ''emergenza smog'', ''emergenza rifiuti''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # An unforeseen circumstance, a contingency.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(uncommon)'' [[m|en|emergence]]; what juts out, a [[sporgenza|alt=projection]]; also a notable fact or find: ''emergenze archeologiche''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(botany)'' An outgrowth on the surface of a stem or leaf, formed from the epidermis or deeper tissue.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)^(Zingarelli 2010)

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+ ==Word family==

+ * [[emergenziale]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[emergente]]

+ * [[emergere]]

+ * [[en|emergency]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Di emergenza'' or ''d'emergenza'' is used of things meant for emergencies: ''uscita d'emergenza'' (emergency exit), ''freno d'emergenza'' (emergency brake) and ''corsia d'emergenza'' (hard shoulder).^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}