arresto Italian · revision 38232

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=late 13th century, Il Fiore|origins=la restō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /arˈrɛs.to/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''arresto''' ''m'' (plural arresti)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a deverbal noun [[der|it|arrestare|t=to stop; to arrest]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto 1968) The verb continues a Vulgar Latin [[m|la-vul|*arrestō|alt=*arrestāre|t=to stop]], formed with the prefix [[m|la|ad-]] on [[m|la|restō|alt=restāre|t=to stay behind, stop]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary) The LEI holds that it must be a Late Latin form, since it survives in Gallo-Romance, Ibero-Romance and Italo-Romance.^(LEI|3, 1372)^(DELI 1999) The same verb is [[fr|arrêter]], [[oc|arestar]], [[ca|arestar]], [[es|arrestar]] and [[pt|arrestar]], and the French noun is [[m|fr|arrêt]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(Körting 1907)

+

+ Sabatini–Coletti takes the legal sense “ruling of the Court of Cassation” from the French noun.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is ''Il Fiore'', a Florentine poem of the late 13th century.^(TLIO)^(Nocentini 2010) In Old Italian the word is found above all in the phrase ''senza arresto'' “without delay”, and in law for holding a person or seizing goods by order of the authorities.^(TLIO)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The general sense “act of stopping or being stopped” is dated by DELI to Giovanni Villani, before 1348, and Matteo Villani writes that an army ''sanza arresto levarono il campo'', “broke camp without delay”.^(DELI 1999)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) The penal sense, a restriction of personal liberty imposed by law, is recorded in 1699, and the mechanical sense, a device that stops a moving part, in 1853.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ In modern Italian ''arresto'' is the arrest of a suspect by the police, and in the plural, ''arresti'', a disciplinary punishment for officers;^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010) ''arresti domiciliari'' is house arrest.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010) In medicine it is the sudden stop of an organ's function (''arresto cardiaco''), and in sport the stopping of a game by the referee or the control of a ball.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011) A ''battuta d'arresto'' is a pause or setback.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 13th century – ''Il Fiore'' uses ''arresto''.^(TLIO)^(Nocentini 2010)

+ * Before 1348 – Giovanni Villani uses it for “stopping”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1699 – The penal sense “detention” is recorded in F. Corsini.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1853 – The mechanical sense “stop, catch” is recorded in D'Ayala.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|stop]], halt: the stopping of a movement or activity: ''Il macchinista ha provocato l'arresto del convoglio.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Interruption, suspension, as in ''battuta d'arresto'' “setback, pause”.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(law)'' [[m|en|arrest]]: the taking of a person into custody by the police, or detention as a penalty: ''Il ladro è stato messo in stato di arresto.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(military, in the plural)'' A disciplinary punishment confining an officer or non-commissioned officer to quarters.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(medicine)'' The sudden cessation of a bodily function, as in ''arresto cardiaco'' “cardiac arrest”.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(sport)'' The stopping of a game by the referee, or the stopping of the ball by a player.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(mechanics)'' A device that stops or limits the movement of a part of a machine.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(dated)'' [[m|en|seizure]], confiscation of goods.^(GRADIT 2003)^(TLIO)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[arrestare]]

+ * [[restare]]

+ * [[fr|arrêt]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ An obsolete ''arresto'' “decree, sentence of a sovereign or a court” (Botero, before 1588) is a separate borrowing of [[fro|arrest]] (1175), the noun of the verb that became [[fr|arrêter]].^(GRADIT 2003)^(DEI|301)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}