sopportare Italian · revision 38231

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 12th or early 13th century, anonymous poem|origins=la portō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /sop.porˈta.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sopportare''' (first-person singular present soppòrto, first-person singular past historic sopportài, past participle sopportàto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|supportō|alt=supportāre|t=to carry, convey]], which in Late Latin, among Christian writers, came to mean “to bear, endure”.^(DELI 1999)^(Treccani 2011)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary) The Latin verb is formed with [[m|la|sub-|t=under]] on [[m|la|portō|t=to carry]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003) The same verb is [[es|soportar]], with Catalan and Portuguese forms of the same shape, while [[fro|sousporter]] and [[pro|sosportar]] have a different prefix.^(REW 1935)^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|3546)

+

+ De Vaan takes the verb as probably a verb from a noun meaning “passage, crossing”, from [[ine-pro|*pr̥tó-|t=passed, crossed]] or [[ine-pro|*pórtos|t=passage]].^(de Vaan 2008) [[supportare]] is a doublet borrowed through French.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's earliest date is an anonymous poem of the late 12th or early 13th century, for “to suffer, endure”: ''Conquiso – null'om dica / per sopportar fatica'' (“let no man call himself beaten / for bearing hardship”).^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI) GRADIT dates the same sense to before 1257.^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The sense “to tolerate a person” is recorded in 1340, in the rules of a Florentine confraternity.^(DELI 1999) The concrete “to hold up, bear on oneself” is found in a 14th-century miscellany and in a translation of the Bible.^(DELI 1999)^(Prati 1951)^(DEI|3546) Passavanti wrote that whoever wishes to be borne with in his faults must bear with those of others.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) In 16th-century Florence a ''sopportante'' was a taxpayer, and Devoto–Oli still lists an archaic absolute use, “to be liable to tax”.^(DEI|3546)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ Derivatives followed: ''sopportazione'' (before 1396), ''insopportabile'' (14th century), ''sopportabile'' (Machiavelli, before 1527) and ''sopportabilità'' (1960).^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) Modern Italian uses the verb for structures that bear a load, for costs one must meet, and above all, often in the negative, for people or behaviour one cannot stand.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 12th or early 13th century – An anonymous poem uses ''sopportare'' “to endure”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1257 – GRADIT's date for the sense “to endure”.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * 1340 – The sense “to tolerate a person” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1396 – ''Sopportazione'' is recorded in Giovanni dalle Celle.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1527 – Machiavelli uses ''sopportabile''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1960 – ''Sopportabilità'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|bear]] or support a weight: ''Questa mensola non può sopportare tanti libri.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To bear a cost or burden: ''La ditta ha dovuto sopportare perdite pesanti.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To [[m|en|endure]] pain, hardship or misfortune, usually with patience or courage: ''Ha sopportato la malattia senza lamentarsi.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To withstand conditions without harm: ''Questa pianta sopporta bene il gelo.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # To [[m|en|tolerate]], put up with a person or behaviour, often in the negative: ''Non sopporto chi parla al cinema.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(reciprocal, sopportarsi)'' To tolerate each other.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sopportabile]]

+ * [[insopportabile]]

+ * [[sopportabilità]]

+ * [[sopportazione]]

+ * [[sopportatore]]

+ * [[sopportevole]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[portare]]

+ * [[supportare]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}