turno Italian · revision 38226

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=1673, De Luca|origins=la tornō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈtur.no/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''turno''' ''m'' (plural turni)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a borrowing from French, but the sources differ on which French word.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|3935) DELI and Nocentini derive it from the verb [[bor|fr|tourner|t=to turn]], whose sense passed from “to turn on a lathe” to “to turn now this way, now that”, and so “to alternate”.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) DELI argues that the late date of the Italian word rules out a direct loan of [[fro|torn]], later [[m|fr|tour]], the noun formed from that verb.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003) DEI and Prati derive it from the modern French noun,^(DEI|3935)^(Prati 1951|1024) Devoto–Oli from the Old French one, and Devoto and Gabrielli from the Old French noun crossed with the modern one.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)^(Devoto 1968) Battaglia gives the noun first without ruling out the verb.^(GDLI|21)

+

+ The French verb continues [[la|tornō|t=to turn on a lathe]], the source of Italian [[tornare]].^(DEI|3935)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first dated record of the modern sense is in De Luca (1673), on the rota of prelates' posts: “it was established that the circle, or rather the ''turno'', for the prelacies should be distributed in three triennia”.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|21) DEI and Tommaseo cite an earlier ''turno'' in Cino da Pistoia, of the 14th century (“Poichè perdè Saturno il suo bel turno”).^(DEI|3935)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) Battaglia treats a ''turno'' of Cecco d'Ascoli, “tumble; downward motion of a star”, as a separate, southern form of ''torno''.^(GDLI|21)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 18th century Fagiuoli used the word, and in 1853 D'Ayala recorded the regular rotation of persons in a duty, the sense on which GRADIT and Nocentini base their date.^(DEI|3935)^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) Tommaseo added the hospital ''turno medico'' and the ''medico di turno'', the doctor on duty in turn, and the period of time each person works (1879).^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)^(DELI 1999) Panzini's dictionary had the rotation of services in 1905.^(DELI 1999)

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+ The word later spread to the shift in factories (''turno di notte'' “night shift”), the rounds of a tournament and the days of a league championship, and in politics the ballots of an election (''doppio turno'' “two-round system”).^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010) The derivative ''turnista'', a shift worker, was labelled a bureaucratic word in 1963.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 14th century – A ''turno'' appears in Cino da Pistoia, as DEI reports.^(DEI|3935)

+ * 1673 – De Luca uses it for a rota of offices.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1853 – D'Ayala records the rotation of persons in a duty.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+ * 1879 – Tommaseo's dictionary has the sense “each period in a rota”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1905 – Panzini records the rotation of services.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1963 – ''Turnista'' “shift worker” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|rotation|alt=Rotation]]: the taking of turns by persons or groups in a job or service, in a fixed order: ''Abbiamo organizzato i turni per pulire la cucina.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # [[m|en|shift|alt=Shift]]: each period into which a job is divided among those who take turns, often eight hours: ''Domani faccio il turno del pomeriggio.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # The team that works a given shift: ''Il secondo turno entra alle due.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # [[m|en|turn|alt=Turn]]: the moment when it falls to someone to do something: ''Aspetto il mio turno dal dentista.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(sport)'' A round of a tournament, or a match day of a league: ''La squadra è uscita al secondo turno.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(politics)'' Each ballot of an election held in more than one vote.^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[turnista]]

+ * [[turnazione]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tornare]]

+ * [[tornio]]

+ * [[fr|tour]]

+ * [[fr|tourner]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''A turno'' means “in turn, one at a time”, and ''di turno'' “on duty”: a ''farmacia di turno'' is a chemist open on a holiday or at night.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011) ''È il mio turno'' “it's my turn” has the same sense as ''tocca a me''.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}