rumore Italian · revision 38180

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=early 12th century (as remore)|origins=la rūmor}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ruˈmo.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rumore''' ''m'' (plural rumori)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old forms include [[roa-oit|remore]], [[roa-oit|rimore]], [[roa-oit|ramore]] and [[roa-oit|remure]].^(GDLI)^(GRADIT 2003) The form [[romore]], usual in Old Italian, is now archaic or literary.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|rūmor|t=noise, murmur; talk, rumour]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The early form [[roa-oit|romore]] is explained by DELI and GDLI from a spoken variant [[la-vul|*romor]], though DELI adds that an unstressed /u/ often turned into /o/ in Italian anyway.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) The form with /u/ was still rare beside the one with /o/ in the 18th century and prevailed only in the 19th;^(DELI 1999)^(Prati 1951) Prati calls it a literary form.^(DELI 1999)^(Prati 1951) The same Latin word gave [[fro|remour]] (today [[fr|rumeur]]), [[oc|rimor]], [[ca|remor]], [[es|rumor]] and [[pt|rumor]].^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ The Latin noun goes back to [[itc-pro|*roumōs]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) It has been linked with [[grc|ὠρύομαι|tr=ōrúomai|t=to howl]] and with a root for roaring or shouting, [[ine-pro|*h₃rewH-]], but de Vaan calls the connection only possible.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(Nocentini 2010) Nocentini puts it with the imitative base of [[m|la|rugiō|t=to roar]], the source of [[ruggire]].^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ GRADIT and Nocentini date the word to the early 12th century, in the old form ''remore''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Nocentini 2010) ''Romore'' is in Bono Giamboni before 1292, and ''rumore'' in Jacopone da Todi before 1306, for a noise.^(DELI 1999) Monte Andrea compares himself to a stag that, ''quando ode il suo romore'' (“when it hears the hunter's noise”), goes towards its death.^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian stretched “noise” to a din and an uproar (about 1300, where it is properly “weeping with cries”) and to a riot or revolt of the people, recorded in 1305 and before 1342 in Domenico Cavalca.^(DELI 1999) Petrarch's Polyphemus ''ne fa gran romori'', raging and lamenting, and in Boccaccio a ''romore'' rises against the king.^(GRADIT 2003) The figurative sense of gossip, talk and a stir is recorded before 1527 in Machiavelli.^(DELI 1999) Today ''fare rumore'' is to cause a sensation, and ''mettere a rumore'' to set in uproar.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ In the 20th century the word became a term of physics and engineering for a mixture of irregular vibrations (''rumore bianco'', white noise), of the theory of communication for anything that disturbs a message, and of medicine for sounds heard through the stethoscope.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Early 12th century – The form ''remore'' is recorded.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Nocentini 2010)

+ * Before 1292 – Bono Giamboni uses ''romore''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * c. 1300 – The sense “weeping with cries, uproar” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1306 – Jacopone da Todi writes ''rumore''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1342 – Domenico Cavalca uses it for a popular uprising.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1527 – Machiavelli uses ''romore'' for talk and rumour.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 19th century – ''Rumore'' finally replaces ''romore''.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|noise]], a sound with irregular, unmusical vibrations, often unpleasant: ''Il rumore dei camion mi ha svegliato.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(physics)'' An emission of sound waves with no definite frequency: ''rumore bianco''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # A loud, confused noise of voices, a [[m|en|din]]; also a murmur.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A stir, a [[m|en|sensation]]: ''La sua scoperta ha fatto molto rumore.''^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(dated)'' A [[m|en|rumour]], unofficial news that spreads quickly; also gossip.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(archaic)'' A riot, a popular uprising.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(linguistics, telecommunications)'' Anything that disturbs the passing of a message from sender to receiver.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(medicine)'' A sound heard on [[m|en|auscultation]], often a sign of disease: ''rumori cardiaci''.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[rumoreggiamento]]

+ * [[rumoreggiare]]

+ * [[rumorio]]

+ * [[rumorista]]

+ * [[rumorosità]]

+ * [[rumoroso]]

+ * [[antirumore]]

+ * [[rumorismo]]

+ * [[rumoristico]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[romore]]

+ * [[la|rumor]]

+ * [[fr|rumeur]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Tanto rumore per nulla'' is still used for a fuss over nothing.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}