club Italian · revision 38178

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1763, Gazzettiere americano}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈklab/, /ˈklɛb/, /ˈklub/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''club''' ''m'' (invariable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|en|club]], a word that properly means “cudgel” and is of Germanic origin.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Wiktionary) DEI compares [[non|klubba|t=club, cudgel]] and dates the English word for an association to the 17th century.^(DEI|987) The usual explanation of that sense is that a club was sent round to the members to call them to a meeting.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)^(DEI|987) GRADIT calls the semantic development uncertain and also suggests the English verb meaning “to combine, put together”.^(GRADIT 2003) Treccani instead takes the original sense to have been “knot, cluster of people”, as Devoto glosses it.^(Treccani 2011)^(Devoto 1968)

+

+ The English word reached France by 1707 and Germany by 1750, and there it took the place of the Italian loan [[casino]].^(DEI|987)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is in the ''Gazzettiere americano'' of 1763, for an association of people pursuing common aims, at first with reference to English customs.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ At the end of the 18th century the word spread in Italian with a definite political sense, after the French example of the revolutionary clubs such as the Jacobins'.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(GDLI) Adaptations such as ''globo'' (1793) and ''clupo'' (1794), both used by Pasquale Paoli, did not last.^(DELI 1999)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) In the 19th century the word took on a general sense again, and in the second half of the century it entered the names of associations such as the Club Alpino Italiano (founded 1863), the Jockey Club and the Touring Club.^(DELI 1999)^(Prati 1951)

+

+ Purists objected: Ugolini called it “a new word come from France”, and Guglielmotti a “fetid and loathsome foreign word”.^(Prati 1951) The popular form ''clubbe'' and the derivative ''clubista'' (also ''clubbista'') are recorded.^(Prati 1951) In modern Italian the word also names a club side as opposed to a national team, informal groups of states or institutions, and the stick used in golf.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1763 – ''Club'' appears in the ''Gazzettiere americano''.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * 1793–1794 – Pasquale Paoli tries the adaptations ''globo'' and ''clupo''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1863 – The Club Alpino Italiano is founded.^(Prati 1951)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|club]], an association of people with shared cultural, political, sporting or recreational interests: ''Si è iscritta a un club di scacchi.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The premises where the members meet: ''Al club servono un ottimo aperitivo.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(sports)'' A club side, as opposed to a national team.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # A national body for an activity, such as the Club Alpino Italiano.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # A group of states or organisations whose representatives meet regularly: ''il club dei dieci'', the Group of Ten.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # ''(history)'' A political club of the French Revolution.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(golf)'' A golf club.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[clubista]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[circolo]]

+ * [[en|club]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The word is pronounced /ˈklab/, /ˈklɛb/ or /ˈklub/, and Treccani also notes /klœb/ under French influence.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)^(Wiktionary) It is invariable in Italian, although the English plural ''clubs'' is sometimes used.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}