creare Italian · revision 38157

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=early 13th century, Uguccione da Lodi|origins=la creō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /kreˈa.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''creare''' (first-person singular present crèo, first-person singular past historic creài, past participle creàto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+ The old form is ''criare''.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(DEI|1148)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|creō|t=to beget, produce; to elect]], a learned word according to DELI.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011) The old form [[roa-oit|criare]] has a more popular look, and Wiktionary suggests that the modern verb may be a Latinized form of it.^(Wiktionary)^(DEI|1148)

+

+ The Latin verb lives on in the other Romance languages: [[fro|crier]] (modern [[fr|créer]]), and [[oc|criar]], [[ca|criar]], [[es|criar]] and [[pt|criar]] in the sense “to raise, bring up”.^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935) From the Iberian verb come Spanish [[m|es|criado|t=servant]], literally “one brought up in the house”, and Portuguese [[m|pt|crioulo]], which passed through Spanish [[m|es|criollo]] to [[fr|créole]].^(REW 1935)

+

+ The Latin verb is from the same root as [[m|la|crēscō|t=to grow]] and the goddess [[m|la|Cerēs]], and Nocentini compares [[lt|šerti|t=to feed]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto 1968)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is the ''Libro'' of Uguccione da Lodi, a Cremonese text of the early 13th century.^(TLIO) In DELI the earliest dated sense is “to arouse (a feeling)”, in Pannuccio dal Bagno before 1276, and the sense “to produce from nothing, of God” follows in Brunetto Latini before 1294.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Brunetto Latini writes that man “creato fu san faglia / la più nobile cosa” (“was created, without fail, the noblest thing”).^(GDLI|3, 936) The verb soon widened to “to give rise to” (Giovanni Villani, before 1348) and “to elect, appoint”, as in creating someone king (Boccaccio, 1353).^(DELI 1999) In the 16th century ''creare'' and ''criare'' also meant “to bring up, educate”, a sense taken from Spanish [[m|es|criar]].^(DEI|1148)^(Prati 1951|344)

+

+ Among the derivatives, ''creatura'' “creature” is in Saint Francis about 1224 and ''creazione'' in Dante (1304–1308).^(DELI 1999) The old adjective ''creativo'' gained new life under the influence of English ''creative'', and in 1970 the noun ''creativo'' “advertising copywriter” is recorded;^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) ''creazione'' in the sense of a fashion model (1905) is probably a calque of French ''création''.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Early 13th century – Uguccione da Lodi uses the verb.^(TLIO)

+ * About 1224 – Saint Francis uses ''creatura''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1276 – Pannuccio dal Bagno uses ''creare'' “to arouse”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1294 – Brunetto Latini uses it of God's creation.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1353 – Boccaccio uses it for appointing to an office.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1905 – ''Creazione'' is recorded for a fashion design.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1970 – ''Creativo'' is recorded for an advertising copywriter.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|create]] from nothing, especially of God: ''Secondo la Bibbia, Dio creò il mondo in sei giorni.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To found, set up; to [[m|en|invent]] or design something new: ''Hanno creato una piccola casa editrice.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To cause or give rise to: ''Il ritardo ha creato molti problemi.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|appoint]] someone to a rank: to make someone a cardinal.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(rare)'' To procreate.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(archaic)'' To bring up, educate.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''Crearsi'': to arise, form; to make or imagine for oneself: ''Si è creata una certa tensione.''^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[creabile]]

+ * [[creativo]]

+ * [[creato]]

+ * [[creatore]]

+ * [[creatura]]

+ * [[creazione]]

+ * [[creatività]]

+ * [[concreare]]

+ * [[ricreare]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[creanza]]

+ * [[creazionismo]]

+ * [[creazionista]]

+ * [[crescere]]

+ * [[la|creō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}