compleanno Italian · revision 38156

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1670, Naples|origins=es cumpleaños}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /kom.pleˈan.no/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''compleanno''' ''m'' (plural compleanni)^(Wiktionary)

+ Older forms are ''compleagnos'' and ''comple annos'' at Naples (1670–1671), ''compleagno'' and ''compleano'' in Gemelli Careri, and ''compleannos'' in Giusti.^(LEI|2, 1444)^(Prati 1951|316) Belli and Roman dialect have ''comprianno''.^(Prati 1951|316)^(LEI|2, 1444)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|es|cumpleaños]], a compound of [[m|es|cumplir|t=to complete, fulfil]] and the plural of [[m|es|año|t=year]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003) Wiktionary calls it a partial calque, adapted to [[anno]] and perhaps to [[compiere]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ According to Zolli, the Spanish word was used here and there in Spanish-looking forms at the end of the 17th century, and stayed in that form in the dialects until the first half of the 19th century: the Milanese dictionary of Cherubini (1839) has [[m|lmo|compleannos]], and the Parmesan dictionary of Malaspina (1856) has the same word.^(DELI 1999)^(LEI|2, 1444) It entered the common language in the second half of the 19th century and displaced the older [[natalizio]].^(DELI 1999) DELI notes that a Spanish dictionary of 1726 still calls the word recent.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is ''compleagnos'' at Naples in 1670, in the sense “birthday”.^(DELI 1999)^(LEI|2, 1444) The Italian form ''compleanno'' is in Neapolitan in 1783 and in the Tommaseo–Bellini dictionary in 1865.^(LEI|2, 1444)^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Tommaseo–Bellini defines the word as the day on which one was born and completes each year of life, and adds that ''dì natalizio'' is for great personages, while ''compleanno'' is enough for private families and friends.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) The purist Arlia condemned it as a Spanish word, a leftover from the time of Spanish rule.^(GDLI|3, 1)

+

+ Zingarelli dates ''compleanno'' to 1741.^(Zingarelli 2010) The literary synonyms are ''genetliaco'' and ''natalizio''.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1670 – ''Compleagnos'' is recorded at Naples.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1671 – ''Comple annos'' is recorded at Naples.^(LEI|2, 1444)

+ * 1783 – Cerlone uses ''compleanno'' in Neapolitan.^(LEI|2, 1444)

+ * 1839 – Cherubini's Milanese dictionary has ''compleannos''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1865 – Tommaseo–Bellini records ''compleanno''.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|birthday|alt=Birthday]], the anniversary of the day of one's birth: ''Per il suo compleanno le abbiamo regalato una bicicletta.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[anno]]

+ * [[compiere]]

+ * [[natalizio]]

+ * [[genetliaco]]

+ * [[es|cumpleaños]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}