reale Italian · revision 38154

+ {{homograph|1|real}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 1348, Giovanni Villani|origins=la rēs}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /reˈa.le/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''reale''' ''m or f'' by sense (plural reali)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The adjective “real” is [[bor|la-med|reālis|t=relating to the thing]], a term of scholastic teaching formed from [[la|rēs|t=thing]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) Wiktionary calls the Latin word Late Latin.^(Wiktionary) It was opposed now to “personal”, now to “apparent”, and in the Romantic age to “ideal”.^(DELI 1999) The same Latin word gave [[fr|réel]] and [[es|real]].^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ The Latin noun first meant “goods, wealth”, as the cognate [[sa|रयि|tr=rayí|t=property, goods]] shows; de Vaan reconstructs [[ine-pro|*reh₁ís|t=wealth, goods]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Through its accusative it gave [[fr|rien]] and [[oc|ren]], first “something”, then “nothing” in negative contexts, and it survives in [[sc|rese|t=kind; beast]].^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first record is Giovanni Villani, before 1348, in the sense “pertaining to a thing”.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) Villani writes that the returning Guelph exiles “promisono le fazioni reali e personali” (“promised the services due on property and in person”).^(GDLI|15, 606)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The modern sense “existing in objective reality” is first dated 1583 (Giovanni Andrea Dalla Croce), and the noun ''il reale'' “what exists” appears in Rosmini before 1855.^(DELI 1999) ''Numero reale'' in mathematics is in the Zingarelli of 1942.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ Many derivatives came through French or English: ''realizzare'' “to carry out” (1759, Algarotti) follows [[fr|réaliser]], and its sense “to realize, understand” (1938) follows [[en|realize]];^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) ''realismo'' in literature reflects French ''réalisme''.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) In Tuscany ''reale'' can also mean “frank, sincere”.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1348 – Giovanni Villani uses ''reale'' “pertaining to property”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1583 – Giovanni Andrea Dalla Croce uses it for what really exists.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1759 – Algarotti uses ''realizzare''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1855 – Rosmini uses ''il reale'' for what exists.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1938 – ''Realizzare'' “to understand” is noted as an English-influenced use.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1942 – ''Numero reale'' is recorded in the Zingarelli.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|real|alt=Real]], actually existing or having happened: ''È una storia reale, non un romanzo.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|actual|alt=Actual]], effective: ''Vorrei capire le ragioni reali della sua scelta.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(philosophy)'' Existing in itself, independently of the knowing mind.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(law)'' Relating to a thing or property: ''diritto reale''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(economics)'' Measured by purchasing power, as opposed to nominal: ''salario reale''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(mathematics)'' Of a number, rational or irrational.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(Tuscan)'' Frank, sincere.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''Il reale'': [[m|en|reality]], what really exists.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[realtà]]

+ * [[realmente]]

+ * [[realismo]]

+ * [[realista]]

+ * [[realistico]]

+ * [[realizzare]]

+ * [[realizzabile]]

+ * [[realizzazione]]

+ * [[realizzatore]]

+ * [[realizzo]]

+ * [[irreale]]

+ * [[irrealtà]]

+ * [[surreale]]

+

+ {{homograph|2|royal}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=1304–1308, Dante|origins=la rēx}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /reˈa.le/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''reale''' ''m or f'' by sense (plural reali)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The adjective “royal” is [[bor|fro|reial]], from [[la|rēgālis|t=royal]], a derivative of [[m|la|rēx|t=king]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) GRADIT and the GDLI derive it from the Latin word with the influence of the Old French one, DEI calls it semi-learned, and Wiktionary leaves open whether it was borrowed or inherited.^(GRADIT 2003)^(GDLI|15, 602)^(DEI|3215)^(Wiktionary) It is a doublet of [[regale]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The Latin adjective gave [[fr|royal]], [[pro|reial]], [[ca|real]], [[es|real]] and [[pt|real]]; in Spanish and Portuguese the word is also the name of a coin.^(REW 1935)^(Körting 1907)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is in Dante (1304–1308), in the sense “worthy of a king”.^(GRADIT 2003)^(DIFIT) In the ''Inferno'' he says of a great figure “quanto aspetto reale ancor ritene” (“how royal a bearing he still keeps”).^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Boccaccio speaks of the ''casa reale'', and in Old Italian ''reale'' as a noun was a prince of the blood;^(DEI|3215)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) Carducci used ''i reali'' for the king and queen.^(DEI|3215)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) From the 16th century the word named a river that flows straight into the sea and a large paper size, and in 1569 the commander's galley, ''la Reale''.^(DEI|3215) German took the naval word as ''Reale'' in 1728.^(DIFIT)

+

+ As a noun ''reale'' was the gold coin struck by Charles I of Anjou in the 13th century, and later several gold and silver coins of the Aragonese and Spanish kingdoms, after [[es|real]].^(DEI|3215)^(GDLI|15, 605)^(GRADIT 2003) The adjective also names the largest or finest kind in many animal and food names, such as ''aquila reale'' (golden eagle) and ''pappa reale'' (royal jelly).^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1304–1308 – Dante uses ''reale'' “worthy of a king”.^(GRADIT 2003)^(DIFIT)

+ * 13th century – The coin ''reale'' is struck by Charles I of Anjou.^(DEI|3215)

+ * 1569 – ''La Reale'' names the commander's galley.^(DEI|3215)

+ * 1596 – English ''reale'' “royal” is recorded.^(DIFIT)

+ * 1728 – German ''Reale'' “flagship galley” is recorded.^(DIFIT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of a king, [[m|en|royal]]: ''la famiglia reale''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(literary)'' Worthy of a king, [[m|en|regal]].^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Outstanding in size or quality, in names of animals and things: ''aquila reale''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''I reali'': the king and queen, the royal family.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(historical)'' A gold or silver [[m|en|coin]] of the Angevin, Aragonese and Spanish kingdoms.^(GRADIT 2003)^(DEI|3215)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(historical)'' The flagship galley of a fleet commanded by a king or viceroy.^(Wiktionary)^(DEI|3215)

+ # ''(zoology)'' The fertile pair in a colony of termites and similar insects.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[re]]

+ * [[regale]]

+ * [[regio]]

+ * [[la|rēs]]

+ * [[la|rēgālis]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ In Lombardy ''reale'' is also a cut of beef from the neck, named from the royal adjective as a prime cut.^(GDLI|15, 608)^(GRADIT 2003) DEI records a separate dialect word ''reale'', a part of a fishing net, from [[la|rēte|t=net]].^(DEI|3215)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}