triste Italian · revision 38136

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 1547, Pietro Bembo|origins=la trīstis}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈtris.te/^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''triste''' ''m or f'' by sense (plural tristi, superlative tristissimo)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|trīstis|t=sad, gloomy; harsh]], a learned form beside [[tristo]], which continues the popular [[la-vul|trīstus]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The popular variant was made on the model of [[m|la|laetus|t=glad]] and [[m|la|maestus|t=sorrowful]], and the Appendix Probi of the 5th century AD censured it.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Körting 1907)

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+ The adjective was inherited in [[oc|trist]], [[ca|trist]], [[es|triste]], [[pt|triste]], [[sc|tristu]] and [[ro|trist]], while [[fr|triste]] is learned.^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935) The Latin adjective has no good etymology: de Vaan rejects a link with [[ang|þrīste|t=audacious]] on the ground of the sound changes.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Devoto 1968)^(Wiktionary)

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+ DELI, GRADIT and Nocentini date the word to Bembo, before 1547, but Zingarelli gives about 1336.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Zingarelli 2010)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first records are in Pietro Bembo, before 1547, with the senses “expressing sorrow” and “unpleasant, bitter”.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Already in Latin the meaning ranged from “sad, sorrowful” to “unpleasant, bitter” and “gloomy, ill-humoured, harsh”.^(DELI 1999) For a long time the inherited ''tristo'' was the everyday word: Tommaseo remarked around 1871–1879 that ''triste'' was not used in speech, which always said ''tristo''.^(DELI 1999)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) Since then the learned form has become the ordinary adjective for “sad”, and ''tristo'' has kept the moral sense “wicked”.^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)

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+ The noun ''tristezza'' is older than ''triste'' itself: it is in a 13th-century song as ''tristeza'', and ''tristizia'' in Dante.^(DELI 1999)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 13th century – ''Tristeza'' “sadness” in an anonymous song.^(DELI 1999)

+ * c. 1336 – Zingarelli's date for ''triste''.^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ * Before 1547 – Pietro Bembo uses ''triste''.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * 1871 – Tommaseo–Bellini notes that ''triste'' is not in spoken use.^(DELI 1999)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+ * 1891 – Petrocchi records the sense “joyless”.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|sad]], unhappy, [[malinconico|alt=melancholy]]: ''Da quando si è trasferito è sempre un po' triste.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Showing sadness: ''Ci salutò con un sorriso triste.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # Causing sorrow; painful, unpleasant: ''È stata una triste vicenda per tutta la famiglia.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Gloomy, depressing; of a place, bleak and desolate: ''D'inverno quella spiaggia è molto triste.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[tristezza]]

+ * [[tristemente]]

+ * [[rattristare]]

+ * [[intristire]]

+ * [[contristare]]

+ * [[attristare]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tristo]]

+ * [[tristizia]]

+ * [[la|trīstis]]

+ * [[fr|triste]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}