addosso Italian · revision 38133

21 Oct 2026, 20:30 by bogdan “it75i b05: 9 Italian entries” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=mid-13th century, Bonagiunta Orbicciani|origins=la dorsum}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * /adˈdɔs.so/^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''addosso''' (invariable; also written ''a dosso'' in older and literary use)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)
+ Older forms include [[roa-oit|adosso]], [[roa-oit|adoso]], [[roa-oit|adossu]] and [[roa-oit|aduosso]].^(TLIO)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is the phrase “on the back” written as one word: [[af|it|a|dosso|t2=back]].^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(GDLI) Spoken Italian doubles the consonant after the preposition, and the spelling with ⟨dd⟩ records this.^(Treccani 2011) The noun [[m|it|dosso]] continues [[la-vul|*dossum]], an assimilated popular form of [[la|dorsum|t=back]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary) DEI compares [[fr|à dos]], recorded from the 12th century.^(DEI|57)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The TLIO's first record of the adverb is in Bonagiunta Orbicciani of Lucca, in the middle of the 13th century, and of the preposition in a Florentine document of 1278–1279.^(TLIO) DELI dates the sense “on the shoulders, on one's person” to the ''Novellino'', at the end of the 13th century, where a man comes home “with lion skins on him” (''con pelli di leoni addosso'').^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|1)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ From “on the back” the word spread to anything worn or carried on the body, and to what lies inside a person, such as a fever or a fear; the TLIO also records it in the sense “against” from the beginning.^(TLIO) DELI dates “over, upon” to Iacopone, before 1306, and “against” to the end of the 13th century.^(DELI 1999) Dante writes of souls bent under weights “secondo ch'avìen più e meno addosso” (according as they had more or less upon them).^(GDLI|1)
+ 
+ Tommaseo already noted a very rich phraseology, to which DELI refers.^(DELI 1999)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) Modern dictionaries list ''mettere le mani addosso'' (to lay hands on, to beat), ''avere l'argento vivo addosso'' (to be restless) and ''parlarsi addosso'' (to talk on and on, pleased with oneself).^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011) From the adverb Italian formed the verb ''addossare'', “to lean (something) against; to lay (blame) on”, used by Dante.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * Mid-13th century – Bonagiunta Orbicciani has the first record of the adverb.^(TLIO)
+ * 1278–1279 – A Florentine document uses it as a preposition.^(TLIO)
+ * Late 13th century – The ''Novellino'' uses it for what is worn on the body.^(DELI 1999)
+ * Before 1306 – Iacopone uses the sense “over, upon”.^(DELI 1999)
+ * Before 1321 – Dante uses the verb ''addossare''.^(DELI 1999)
+ * 1797 – ''Addossamento'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adverb===
+ # On one's body or person; worn or carried: ''Non avevo addosso neanche un euro.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)
+ # On one's back or shoulders, as a load: ''Arrivò con un sacco di patate addosso.''^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)
+ # In one's clothes, as in ''farsela addosso'' (to wet oneself; figuratively, to panic).^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)
+ # Inside oneself, in body or mind, of a fever, a feeling or a mood: ''Mi sento addosso una gran malinconia.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)
+ # Very close, threateningly near: ''Aveva la polizia addosso.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Gabrielli 2020)
+ 
+ ===Preposition===
+ # In the phrase ''addosso a'': on, upon; [[m|en|against]]; very close to: ''Il ciclista è finito addosso a una macchina parcheggiata.''^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)
+ 
+ ===Interjection===
+ # ''Addosso!'', urging an attack on someone.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[addossare]]
+ * [[addossato]]
+ * [[addossamento]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[dosso]]
+ * [[indosso]]
+ 
+ ==Usage notes==
+ ''Addosso'' is used with many verbs in set phrases: ''mettere le mani addosso a qualcuno'' (to lay hands on, to beat), ''stare addosso a qualcuno'' (to keep after someone), ''dare addosso a qualcuno'' (to attack), ''piangersi addosso'' (to feel sorry for oneself).^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011) ''Indosso'' is a near-synonym in the sense “worn on the body”.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Nocentini 2010)
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}