sedere Italian · revision 38129

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=before 1182, Dichiarazione di Paxia|origins=ine-pro *sed-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /seˈde.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sedere''' (first-person singular present sièdo or siédo, first-person singular past historic sedétti or (traditional) sedètti or sedéi, past participle sedùto, first-person singular future (now more common, especially in speech) siederò or sederò, auxiliary èssere)^(Wiktionary)

+ Literary present forms include ''seggo'' and ''seggono'', and the archaic ''seggio'' and ''seggiono''.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ Old Italian also had the infinitives [[roa-oit|sedire]] and [[roa-oit|seggere]].^(Prati 1951|904)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+ As a noun: '''sedere''' ''m'' (plural ''sederi'').^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|sedeō|t=to be seated, sit]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The verb is panromance: [[fr|seoir]], [[oc|sezer]], [[ca|seure]], [[sc|sèzzere]] and [[ro|ședea]]; in Spanish and Portuguese it merged with the descendants of [[m|la|sum|alt=esse|t=to be]] and gave part of the verb [[es|ser]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)^(DEI|3439) Italian dialects mostly use other verbs: types like ⟨sentarsi⟩ in Veneto and Lombardy, and ⟨(as)settarsi⟩ in Piedmont, Liguria, Emilia and nearly all the South, while the standard verb belongs to Tuscany, eastern Emilia, the Marche, Umbria and Lazio.^(DEI|3439) In Sicily Meyer-Lübke found it yielding to [[scn|assittari]].^(REW 1935)

+

+ De Vaan reconstructs a stative [[itc-pro|*sedēō|alt=*sed-ē-]], from a PIE [[ine-pro|*sed-|t=to sit]], with Umbrian forms and cognates such as [[grc|ἕζομαι|tr=hézomai|t=to sit down]], [[lt|sėdėti]], [[cu|сѣдѣти|tr=sěděti]], [[sga|saidid]] and [[got|𐍃𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽|tr=sitan]], the relative of [[en|sit]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary) Latin set beside it [[m|la|sīdō|t=to sit down]], from a reduplicated present like [[sa|सीदति|tr=sīdati]].^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ The noun “bottom, seat” is the infinitive used as a noun.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|3439)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is the ''Dichiarazione di Paxia'', before 1182 which lists “una tola da seder” (a table to sit at).^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|18) The sense is “to rest the buttocks on a support, with the legs bent, stretched out or crossed”.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Brunetto Latini, before 1294, has the verb in the sense “to be situated”, of places, and Dante uses it for “to hold an office” that is carried out sitting, such as that of a judge.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) In a line of Dante a speaker says of her birthplace: “Siede la terra dove nata fui / su la marina dove 'l Po discende” (the town where I was born lies on the shore where the Po comes down).^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) Petrarch, before 1374, has the reflexive ''sedersi'' and the infinitive used as a noun, “the act of sitting”.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ As a noun the word first meant “seat, chair”, a sense Tommaseo records in old inventories,^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) and with Franco Sacchetti, before 1400, the part of the body one sits on: “avea uno ciccione nel sedere” (he had a boil on his backside).^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|18) Colloquial Italian has ''avere sedere'', “to be lucky”.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(GRADIT 2003) From the verb came ''sedia'' “chair”, probably by metathesis of an old ''sieda'', and, from Latin derivatives ''sedile'' and ''sedentario''.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1182 – The ''Dichiarazione di Paxia'' has the first record.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1292 – ''Sedia'' in the sense “throne, seat of honour” in Bono Giamboni.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1294 – Brunetto Latini uses the sense “to be situated”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1321 – Dante uses it of holding an office.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1374 – Petrarch uses ''sedersi'' and the noun ''sedere'' “act of sitting”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1400 – Franco Sacchetti uses ''sedere'' for the buttocks.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1557 – ''Seduta'' “meeting, session” in statutes of Lucca.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|sit]], to be seated: ''Sedevamo sui gradini della chiesa.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To sit down, take a seat, usually as ''sedersi'': ''Siediti accanto a me.''^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of an animal, to sit: ''Il cane si è seduto davanti alla porta.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # To hold an office, to be a member of a body: ''Siede in Senato da due legislature.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Of a court or an assembly, to be in [[m|en|session]].^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(literary)'' Of a place, to lie, be situated.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To sit someone down: ''Siedi la bambola sul divano.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|bottom]], [[m|en|buttocks]]: ''È scivolato ed è finito col sedere in una pozzanghera.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' Sheer [[m|en|luck]], in ''avere sedere''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(archaic)'' A seat, chair; the seat of a chair.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[seduta]]

+ * [[sedia]]

+ * [[sedile]]

+ * [[sedentario]]

+ * [[sedente]]

+ * [[sediolo]]

+ * [[insediare]]

+ * [[insediamento]]

+ * [[soprassedere]]

+ * [[sederino]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sede]]

+ * [[la|sedeō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The verb takes ''essere''.^(Wiktionary)^(Zingarelli 2010) The present has ''siedo'' and ''siedi'' where the stem is stressed, but ''sediamo'' and ''sedete''; the future is ''siederò'' or ''sederò'', the second now more literary.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)^(Wiktionary) Set phrases include ''mettersi a sedere'' (to sit down), ''sedere alla turca'' (to sit cross-legged), ''sedere su due poltrone'' (to hold two posts at once) and, for the noun, ''prendere a calci nel sedere'' (to treat someone with contempt).^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}