decimus Latin · revision 3812

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *deḱm-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈdɛ.kɪ.mʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈdɛː.t͡ʃi.mus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''decimus''' (feminine decima, neuter decimum); first/second-declension numeral^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*dekamo-|t=tenth]], the ordinal of [[decem]] “ten”, from [[ine-pro|*deḱm|t=ten]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short describe it as ''decem'' with a superlative ending.^(Lewis & Short 1879) A spelling [[m|la|decumus]] prevailed in later legal language.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Compare [[sa|दशम|tr=daśamá|t=tenth]] and [[sga|dechmad|t=tenth]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus uses it of the tenth month and of a tenth part, the tithe.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant tenth, often counted inclusively, as the tenth legion in Caesar and the tenth hour in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) ''Decimus quisque'' was every tenth man.^(Georges 1913) As a noun ''decima'' was a tithe.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010) ''Decimus'' was also a Roman first name.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In medieval Latin it also meant a tithe payment and a fee of ten per cent.^(Köbler 2010) English ''dime'', “a tenth, tithe”, came through Old French in the late 14th century and was chosen in 1786 for the United States coin.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of the tenth month and of a tithe.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar writes of the tenth legion.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''dime'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1801 – English ''deci-'' is taken from it through French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|Tenth]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''decimus quisque'': every tenth one.^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(feminine noun, decima)'' A tenth part, a [[m|en|tithe]].^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[decimānus]]

+ * [[decima]]

+ * [[decimō]]

+ * [[octāvusdecimus]]

+ * [[quindecimus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[decem]]

+ * [[en|dime]]

+ * [[en|decimate]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Decimus'', abbreviated D., was a Roman first name, at first for a tenth-born son.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}