addio Italian · revision 38105

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=second half of the 13th century, Chiaro Davanzati}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /adˈdi.o/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''addio'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old Italian forms are ''addio'', ''adio'', ''adeo'' and the phrase written separately, ''a dio''.^(TLIO) The plural of the noun is ''addii''.^(Wiktionary)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the phrase [[a]] [[dio|alt=Dio]] “to God” fused into one, short for a farewell such as “I commend you to God”.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(TLIO) Wiktionary compares [[la-med|ad Deum|t=to God]].^(Wiktionary) The preposition continues [[la|ad|t=to, towards]], which goes back to [[ine-pro|*h₂éd|t=near, at]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The same formula gave [[fr|adieu]], [[es|adiós]], [[pt|adeus]] and [[ca|adeu]].^(DEI|56)^(Wiktionary) The Italian word was borrowed into [[ro|adio]], [[el|αντίο|tr=antío]], [[sh|adio]] and [[sl|adijo]].^(Wiktionary) DEI takes the plural use of the noun as a calque of [[fr|les adieux]].^(DEI|56)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is in the Florentine poet Chiaro Davanzati, in the second half of the 13th century, as a greeting on taking leave of someone;^(TLIO)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) Nocentini and Devoto–Oli also date the word to the second half of that century.^(TLIO)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) DELI's first dates are ''a Dio'' in Boccaccio (1336) and ''addio'' in Francesco da Barberino, before 1348.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The greeting was used by the one who left and by the one who stayed.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) Dante speaks of the hour when sailors feel the longing of the day “they have said farewell to their dear friends” (''c'han detto ai dolci amici addio'').^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) The noun, “farewell, parting”, is already Old Italian, and DELI records it from Magalotti, before 1712.^(TLIO)^(DELI 1999)

+

+ Later the word came to express regret for something lost or given up (''addio pace!''), or to close a matter for good.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011) In several regions, but not in Tuscany, ''addio'' is also an ordinary greeting that does not mean parting for good, as Panzini noted in 1908;^(DELI 1999)^(DEI|56)^(Treccani 2011) DEI adds that the word is missing in the South.^(DELI 1999)^(DEI|56)^(Treccani 2011) In the theatre an ''addio'' was the poem the leading actress recited on taking leave of the audience.^(GRADIT 2003) German borrowed ''addio'' in 1601 and English by 1789.^(DIFIT)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Second half of the 13th century – Chiaro Davanzati uses ''addio''.^(TLIO)

+ * About 1319 – Dante writes ''detto ai dolci amici addio''.^(LEI|1, 593)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ * 1336 – Boccaccio writes the phrase ''a Dio''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1601 – German ''addio'' is first recorded.^(DIFIT)

+ * Before 1712 – Magalotti uses ''addio'' as a noun, “farewell”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1789 – English ''addio'' is first recorded.^(DIFIT)

+ * 1908 – Panzini notes its use as a greeting without leave-taking outside Tuscany.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Interjection===

+ # [[m|en|goodbye]], [[m|en|farewell]], especially when the parting is for good: ''Addio, amici miei, non ci rivedremo più.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An exclamation of regret for something lost: ''Ho perso il treno, addio vacanze!''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' That's that; an expression that ends a matter: ''Digli di sì e addio.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A farewell, a [[m|en|parting]]: ''Il loro addio alla stazione fu commovente.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # ''(theatre)'' A poem recited by the leading actress to take leave of the audience at the end of a run.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wikizionario)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dio]]

+ * [[ciao]]

+ * [[fr|adieu]]

+ * [[es|adiós]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Common phrases are ''dire addio'' (to say goodbye; to give something up), ''dare l'addio alle scene'' (to retire from the stage), ''l'ultimo addio'' (the last farewell to someone who has died), ''serata d'addio'' (a farewell performance) and ''lettera d'addio''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}