inglese Italian · revision 38097

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1304–1308, Dante|origins=la Angli}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /inˈɡle.ze/^(Wiktionary)

+ * Traditional: /inˈɡle.se/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''inglese''' ''m or f'' by sense (plural inglesi)^(Wiktionary)

+ Older forms are ''inghilese'' (before 1321, Dante) and ''inghilesco'' (before 1331, Immanuel Romano).^(DELI 1999)^(DEI|2030) ''Inghilese'' remained a popular and rustic Tuscan form until the late 19th century.^(DELI 1999)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|fro|engleis|t=English]], a 12th-century French word for what belongs to the Angles.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The French word is formed on the people's name, [[ang|Engle|t=the Angles]], [[la|Angli]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Gabrielli 2020) Devoto and Treccani trace it to the Old English adjective [[m|ang|Englisc|alt=anglisc|t=of the Angles]], and DEI compares [[la-lat|Angliscus]].^(Devoto 1968)^(Treccani 2011)^(DEI|2030)

+

+ The country's name [[Inghilterra]] came by the same route: Old English [[m|ang|Englaland|alt=Engla land|t=land of the Angles]] was rendered as [[fr|Angleterre]] and adapted in Italian.^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|2030) Sabatini–Coletti explains the ⟨i⟩ of the older form as inserted for ease of pronunciation.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is Dante, in the form ''inghilese'': in ''Paradiso'' XIX he speaks of the pride “that makes the Scot and the Englishman mad” (''che fa lo Scotto e l'Inghilese folle'').^(DELI 1999)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)^(GRADIT 2003) The form ''inglese'' appears in Ariosto's ''Orlando furioso'' (1516).^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the 19th century the adjective is recorded for things associated with England and for things traditionally thought to come from there.^(DELI 1999) Many names of objects and dishes contain it: ''chiave inglese'' (adjustable spanner), ''zuppa inglese'' (a trifle-like dessert, in its modern sense from the 19th century), ''sale inglese'' (Epsom salt), ''corno inglese'' (cor anglais) and ''giardino all'inglese'' (landscape garden).^(DEI|2030)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020) ''Andarsene all'inglese'', to leave without saying goodbye, is recorded from the 20th century;^(DELI 1999)^(DEI|2030) DELI sees no anecdote behind it, but one of the many mocking phrases peoples attach to their neighbours: the English and the Germans call the same habit French.^(DELI 1999)^(DEI|2030)

+

+ Italian ''inglese'' was borrowed into Ottoman Turkish, whence [[tr|İngiliz]], and into Arabic, Persian and Armenian; [[el|Εγγλέζος|tr=Englézos]] is also a borrowing from it.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 12th century – Old French ''engleis'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1304–1308 – Dante uses ''inghilese''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1331 – Immanuel Romano uses ''inghilesco''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1516 – Ariosto uses the form ''inglese''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1757 – Saverio Bettinelli uses ''inglesismo'' for an anglicism.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1869 – Tommaseo–Bellini records the adjective for things associated with England.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|English]], of England; loosely also British: ''la campagna inglese''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Traditionally thought to come from England: ''chiave inglese'', ''zuppa inglese''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # An Englishman or Englishwoman; loosely, a British person.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The English language: ''Studia inglese da tre anni.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)^(Wiktionary)

+ # English as a school or university subject: ''l'insegnante d'inglese''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[inglesismo]]

+ * [[inglesizzare]]

+ * [[inglesità]]

+ * [[inglesume]]

+ * [[antinglese]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Inghilterra]]

+ * [[anglo]]

+ * [[fr|anglais]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''All'inglese'' means in the English manner, and ''andarsene'' or ''filarsela all'inglese'' to slip away without saying goodbye.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)^(Gabrielli 2020) ''Fare l'inglese'' is to pretend not to understand.^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}