relazione Italian · revision 38076

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1304–1308, Dante|origins=la referō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /re.latˈt͡sjo.ne/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''relazione''' ''f'' (plural relazioni)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old forms include ''relacione'' and ''rellacione''.^(GDLI|15, 770)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|relātiō|t=a bringing back; report; relation]], a learned word, from [[m|la|relātus]], the past participle of [[m|la|referō|t=to bring back, report]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|3226)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) The Latin noun meant both “a reporting” and “a relation between things”, the two halves of the Italian word.^(Nocentini 2010)^(Treccani 2011) The same word is [[fr|relation]] and [[es|relación]].^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ DEI explains Ariosto's “relazion di grazia” “thanksgiving” as a Latinism from “relatio gratiae”.^(DEI|3226) In music, “relazione” for the relation between the intervals of two chords is recorded in Italian in 1304–1308, and French [[m|fr|relation]] took this sense from Italian in 1703.^(DIFIT) “Pubbliche relazioni” translates [[en|public relations]].^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is in Dante's ''Convivio'' (1304–1308), for the kind of relation between two things or phenomena.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) Nocentini dates the word to the early 14th century.^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The sense “report, account” is found from the late 14th century: Giovanni Sercambi has ''fare relazione'', and ambassadors' reports, such as those of Rinaldo degli Albizzi and Andrea Gritti, were called ''relazioni''.^(GDLI|15, 770) A close link between facts that call each other to mind is recorded before 1566 in Annibal Caro, ''in relazione'' “with regard to” before 1642 in Galileo, and the mathematical relation between quantities before 1742 in Guido Grandi.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ Relations between people came later: economic or personal ties in 1796, in the ''Termometro politico della Lombardia'', ''avere una relazione'' “to have a love affair” in Tommaseo–Bellini in 1872, who adds that this is something not to be reported, and ''avere molte relazioni'' “to have many acquaintances” in Palazzi's dictionary of 1939–1940.^(DELI 1999) In Tuscan dialects ''non dar relazione'' means “not to listen”.^(DEI|3226)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1304–1308 – Dante uses ''relazione'' in the ''Convivio''.^(DELI 1999)^(DIFIT)

+ * Late 14th century – Giovanni Sercambi uses ''fare relazione'' “to report”.^(GDLI|15, 770)

+ * Before 1566 – Annibal Caro uses it for a close link between facts.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1642 – Galileo uses ''in relazione''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1703 – French ''relation'' takes the musical sense from Italian.^(DIFIT)

+ * Before 1742 – Guido Grandi uses it in mathematics.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1796 – Ties between people, in the ''Termometro politico della Lombardia''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1872 – Tommaseo–Bellini records ''avere una relazione'' “to have an affair”.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|connection]] or link between two concepts or facts: ''C'è una relazione evidente tra i due fenomeni.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A tie or [[m|en|relationship]] between people, groups or nations: ''Le due famiglie sono in buone relazioni.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A love [[m|en|affair]]: ''Ha una relazione con un collega.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # ''(in the plural)'' Acquaintances, connections: ''È un uomo con molte relazioni.''^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # An oral or written [[m|en|report]] on a subject: ''Domani presenterò la relazione al congresso.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(law)'' The account of the course of a trial given by the judge.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(mathematics)'' A relation between quantities or elements, and the formula expressing it.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[relazionale]]

+ * [[relazionare]]

+ * [[correlazione]]

+ * [[interrelazione]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[relativo]]

+ * [[relatore]]

+ * [[riferire]]

+ * [[la|relātiō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''In relazione a'' “with regard to” is common in bureaucratic and commercial language.^(Treccani 2011)^(Zingarelli 2010) ''Pubbliche relazioni'' are the activities by which a company or person presents a good image to the public.^(Gabrielli 2020)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}