sogno Italian · revision 38063

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 12th–early 13th century|origins=ine-pro *swépnos}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈsoɲ.ɲo/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sogno''' ''m'' (plural sogni)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|somnium|t=dream]], derived from [[m|la|somnus|t=sleep]], which also gave [[sonno]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The verb [[sognare]] is from the Latin derivative [[m|la|somniō|t=to dream]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ The same Latin word is [[fr|songe]], [[oc|somne]], [[ca|somni]], [[es|sueño]] and [[pt|sonho]], and [[fur|sum]] in Friulian.^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935) Old forms were [[roa-oit|sompnio]], [[m|roa-oit|songnio]], [[m|roa-oit|sonio]] and [[m|roa-oit|sonnio]], and a feminine plural [[m|roa-oit|sognora]] or [[m|roa-oit|sonnia]] beside the masculine one.^(GDLI)

+

+ The Latin word for sleep goes back to [[itc-pro|*swepnos]], from [[ine-pro|*swépnos|t=sleep]], which is also [[grc|ὕπνος|tr=húpnos|t=sleep]].^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan sets up a derivative [[m|itc-pro|*swe/opnjo-|t=dream]] and says the Latin noun for dream may continue an inherited derivative or be a Latin formation.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first record is in an anonymous poet of the late 12th or early 13th century, in the phrase ''per sogno'' “in a dream”: “anzi per sogno vegna spesse fiate” (rather, may I come often in a dream).^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI) GRADIT dates the word to before 1292.^(GRADIT 2003) Bono Giamboni writes of Nebuchadnezzar, who saw dreams (''sognora'') that frightened him.^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Petrarch (before 1374) used the word for a fantasy, something far from reality, in lines such as “quanto piace al mondo è breve sogno” (whatever pleases the world is a brief dream).^(DELI 1999)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) Foscolo (1794–1816) used it for a very beautiful person or thing, a sense still current in ''è un sogno'' and ''da sogno''.^(DELI 1999)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ Modern phrases are ''neanche per sogno'' “not on your life”, ''il libro dei sogni'', a book that turns dreams into lottery numbers, and ''il sogno americano'', a calque on English ''American dream''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011) ''Sognare a occhi aperti'' “to daydream” is recorded in 1914, after ''sognare con gli occhi aperti'' in 1708.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 12th–early 13th century – ''per sogno'' in an anonymous poet.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1292 – GRADIT's date of first record.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * Before 1374 – Petrarch uses ''sogno'' for an illusion.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1794–1816 – Foscolo uses it for a very beautiful person or thing.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1914 – ''Sognare a occhi aperti'' in Camillo Sbarbaro.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|dream]], the images and feelings that come in [[sonno|alt=sleep]]: ''Stanotte ho fatto un sogno stranissimo.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Dreaming as a mental activity: ''vedere qualcuno in sogno''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # An [[m|en|illusion]], something unreal: ''Sembrava tutto un sogno.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A wish, hope or ambition: ''Il suo sogno è aprire un ristorante.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # Something marvellous: ''Questa casa è un sogno'', ''da sogno'', wonderful.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''neanche per sogno'', ''nemmeno per sogno'': certainly not, not at all.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''sogni d'oro'': sweet dreams.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sognante]]

+ * [[sognare]]

+ * [[sognatore]]

+ * [[trasognare]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sognaccio]]

+ * [[sonno]]

+ * [[insonnia]]

+ * [[la|somnium]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}