rispetto Italian · revision 38062

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 1292, Bono Giamboni|origins=ine-pro *speḱ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /risˈpɛt.to/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rispetto''' ''m'' (plural rispetti)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a learned word, [[bor|la|respectus|t=a looking back; regard, consideration]], the action noun of [[m|la|respiciō|t=to look back, have regard for]], from [[m|la|re-|t=back]] and [[m|la|speciō|t=to look]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(GDLI)^(DELI 1999) Latin already moved from the literal “looking back” to “regard, esteem”.^(DELI 1999) The verb [[rispettare]] is from [[m|la|respectō]], the intensive of that verb, and is recorded later, in 1341–1342.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ The inherited French form of the Latin noun is [[fro|respit|t=respite, delay]], which was borrowed in Old Italian as [[m|roa-oit|respitto]] or [[m|roa-oit|rispitto]].^(DELI 1999)^(REW 1935)^(Körting 1907) [[fr|respect]] and [[es|respeto]] are learned words like the Italian one.^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935) The Latin verb goes back to [[ine-pro|*speḱ-|t=to look]], the root also of [[sa|पश्यति|tr=páśyati|t=sees]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first record is in Bono Giamboni's ''Della miseria dell'uomo'', before 1292, for the feeling of esteem towards persons held to be superior, or towards principles and institutions.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) Giordano da Pisa (1305–1306) has the sense “point of view, aspect”, and Boccaccio “regard, consideration”: ''per rispetto della madre di lui'' (out of regard for his mother).^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|16, 858)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The sense “restraint that keeps one from offending others or harming their rights” is in Machiavelli (before 1527), and “observance of a rule” in Paolo Paruta (before 1598).^(DELI 1999) In the plural, ''rispetti'' became the ceremonies and tokens of reverence: Borghini has it in 1584, and, from the late 17th century ''i miei rispetti'' was a set formula in letters.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ From the 15th century ''rispetto'' was also a short popular love poem, usually a stanza in ''ottava'' or ''sesta rima'', especially in Tuscany: Pulci (before 1484) and Lorenzo de' Medici wrote them, and Varchi counted them among the ''componimenti plebei''.^(DELI 1999)^(DEI|3264) German took the poem's name as ''Rispetto''.^(DIFIT) The Mafia's ''uomo di rispetto'' is a man of rank in the organisation.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1292 – Bono Giamboni uses ''rispetto'' for esteem.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1305–1306 – Giordano da Pisa uses it for a point of view.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1341–1342 – Boccaccio uses the verb ''rispettare''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1484 – Luigi Pulci writes ''rispetti'', the poems.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1527 – Machiavelli uses it for consideration of others' rights.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1584 – Raffaello Borghini has the plural ''rispetti'' for tokens of reverence.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|respect]], esteem and [[m|en|deference]] towards a person thought worthy: ''Parla con rispetto a tuo nonno.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(plural)'' Respects, regards: ''Porga i miei rispetti a sua moglie.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Regard for the dignity and rights of others: ''il rispetto per le opinioni altrui''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # Care for things: ''Tratta i libri con rispetto.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # Strict [[m|en|observance]] of a rule: ''il rispetto delle regole''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Point of view, aspect: ''sotto ogni rispetto''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''rispetto a'': with regard to; compared with: ''Rispetto a ieri fa più freddo.''^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''di tutto rispetto'': considerable, highly respectable: ''una cifra di tutto rispetto''.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(literature)'' A short popular love poem, mostly in eight or six lines.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(DIFIT)

+ # ''(printing)'' ''foglio di rispetto'': the flyleaf.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[rispettoso]]

+ * [[rispettivo]]

+ * [[corrispettivo]]

+ * [[rispettabile]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rispettare]]

+ * [[aspetto]]

+ * [[sospetto]]

+ * [[la|respectus]]

+ * [[fr|répit]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Con rispetto parlando'' is said to excuse a coarse or blunt word: ''il bambino, con rispetto parlando, se l'è fatta addosso''.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}