lista Italian · revision 38048

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=late 13th century, Bonvesin da la Riva|origins=gmw-pro *līstā}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈlis.ta/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lista''' ''f'' (plural liste, diminutive listìna or listerèlla or listarèlla, augmentative (usually jocular) listóna, pejorative listàccia)^(Wiktionary)

+ An old variant is [[roa-oit|listra]].^(TLIO)^(DEI|2249)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a Germanic loan: DELI, Nocentini and GRADIT give a Germanic ⟨*līsta⟩ “border, strip, lath”, the word that became [[de|Leiste]] and [[en|list]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003) Devoto–Oli and Wiktionary name [[bor|frk|*līsta|t=border, strip]], and Wiktionary allows [[lng|*līsta]] as well, both from [[gmw-pro|*līstā]];^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary)^(Treccani 2011)^(Zaccaria 1901|314) Treccani and Zaccaria point to [[goh|lista]].^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary)^(Treccani 2011)^(Zaccaria 1901|314) The word reached Italy through [[la-med|lista]], recorded in the 10th century at Naples and Cava and in 1023.^(DEI|2249)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ The strip of paper on which names were written gave the sense “list”.^(Nocentini 2010) [[es|lista]] and [[pt|lista]] are the same word, while [[fr|liste]] (16th century) and [[de|Liste]] (1597) were borrowed from Italian; the native [[fro|listre]] and [[m|fro|list]] continue in French [[m|fr|lisière|t=selvage]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|2249)^(DIFIT)^(Zaccaria 1901|314) The related [[lizza]] “lists for a tournament” came from French [[m|fr|lice]].^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is in Bonvesin da la Riva's Milanese poems, of the late 13th century, and DELI's first record is Dante (1300–1313), both in the sense “long narrow strip of cloth, paper or other material”.^(TLIO)^(DELI 1999) Medieval Latin ''lista'' is recorded at Bologna in 1274 with the verb ''listare'' “to trim with strips”.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Cecco d'Ascoli, before 1327, used ''lista'' for a sheet listing things, and Giovanni Pontano, before 1503, for a long bill.^(DELI 1999) In Old Italian the word also meant a band of colour, a ray of light, the bar of a cross and a file of people.^(TLIO) Florentine writers used it for the silver strips of a dress and for strips of black serge worn as a belt.^(GDLI|9)

+

+ ''Lista civile'', the sum voted for the expenses of the Crown, is first recorded in Venice in 1788; it came from English ''civil list'' through French ''liste civile''.^(DELI 1999) ''Lista delle vivande'' “menu” is in Tommaseo (1869), though a letter of Annibal Caro of 1543 may already have it, and the ''lista elettorale'' dates from 1879.^(DELI 1999) In Venice ''lista'' or ''liston'' was the paved strip across St Mark's Square where people strolled, which gave ''listone''.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 10th century – Medieval Latin ''lista'' at Naples and Cava.^(DEI|2249)

+ * Late 13th century – Bonvesin da la Riva uses ''lista''.^(TLIO)

+ * 1300–1313 – Dante uses it for a strip.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1327 – Cecco d'Ascoli uses it for a written list.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1567 – French ''liste'' “list of names” is recorded.^(DIFIT)

+ * 1597 – German ''Liste'' is recorded.^(DIFIT)

+ * 1788 – ''Lista civile'' in the Venetian ''Notizie del Mondo''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1879 – ''Lista elettorale'' in Vincenzo Strambio.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A long narrow [[m|en|strip]] of cloth, leather, paper, wood or metal: ''una lista di cuoio''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # A [[m|en|stripe]] or band of a contrasting colour: ''una tovaglia a liste rosse''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # A [[m|en|list]] of names, things or figures, and the sheet it is written on: ''Ho scritto la lista dei regali da comprare.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|menu]]: ''Ci porta la lista, per favore?''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # The list of candidates a party puts forward at an election: ''Quale lista hai votato?''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(dated)'' A bill, an account to be paid.^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(heraldry)'' A scroll above or below a shield bearing the motto.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # A white streak on the forehead of a horse.^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[listare]]

+ * [[listello]]

+ * [[listino]]

+ * [[listone]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lizza]]

+ * [[de|Leiste]]

+ * [[en|list]]

+ * [[fr|liste]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Common phrases include ''lista nera'' “blacklist”, ''lista d'attesa'' “waiting list”, ''lista di nozze'' “wedding list” and ''a piè di lista'' (of a refund, against itemised receipts).^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}