paziente Italian · revision 38040

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=13th century, Guidotto da Bologna|origins=la patior}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /patˈt͡sjɛn.te/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''paziente''' ''m or f'' by sense (plural pazienti)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a learned word, [[bor|la|patiēns|t=enduring, patient]], the present participle of [[m|la|patior|t=to suffer, endure]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The same participle is [[fr|patient]], recorded in 1120, and [[es|paciente]] and [[pt|paciente]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(Körting 1907)^(GDLI|12, 879) Körting notes that French also used the noun for a man condemned to execution.^(Körting 1907)

+

+ The noun “sick person in a doctor's care” belongs to the language of medicine from the 14th century, as do [[fr|patient]] and [[en|patient]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|2811) Meyer-Lübke and Körting derive [[pazzo]] “mad” from the participle in the sense “sick”, Körting through a form [[la-vul|*patius]], against Nigra, who had made it a shortening of [[pupazzo]].^(REW 1935)^(Körting 1907)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first record is in Guidotto da Bologna, in the 13th century: one who accepts adversity and setbacks calmly and can wait without impatience.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) The noun for a sick person under a doctor's care is first found about 1350, in the Italian translation of Pietro de' Crescenzi's treatise on agriculture.^(DELI 1999)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old Italian the adjective named the Christian virtue of forbearance: Fra Giordano speaks of a man who suffers wrong without fault and is ''paziente'', and Dante in the ''Convivio'' sets the friend who is “non paziente ma iracundo” (not patient but irascible) against the patient one.^(GDLI|12, 879) From bearing troubles the word passed to working with care: Tommaseo cites Protogenes as a “studioso e paziente pittore” (a studious and painstaking painter), and the proverb “Chi non è savio, paziente e forte, si lamenti di sè, non della sorte” (whoever is not wise, patient and strong should blame himself, not fate).^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

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+ Old grammar called the element that undergoes the action of a verb ''paziente'', and modern linguistics uses the noun for this semantic role, as opposed to ''agente''.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011) Medicine has the recent phrase ''paziente zero'', the first patient found to carry an infection.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 13th century – Guidotto da Bologna uses ''paziente'' “patient, forbearing”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1120 – French ''patient'' is first recorded.^(GDLI|12, 879)

+ * About 1350 – The noun “sick person” in the translation of Pietro de' Crescenzi.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1527 – ''Pazientare'' “to be patient” in Machiavelli.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|patient]], able to bear setbacks, delays or annoyance without losing one's calm: ''Con i bambini piccoli bisogna essere molto pazienti.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # [[m|en|painstaking]], working with care and attention to detail; of work, done with care: ''Il restauro ha richiesto mesi di lavoro paziente.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # Of an animal, docile, bearing heavy work: ''il bue paziente''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(literary)'' Expressing patience.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A patient, a sick person in the care of a [[m|en|physician|alt=doctor]]: ''La paziente è stata dimessa dopo tre giorni.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(linguistics)'' The semantic role of the element that undergoes the action.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pazientare]]

+ * [[pazientemente]]

+ * [[impaziente]]

+ * [[spazientire]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[patire]]

+ * [[pazienza]]

+ * [[la|patior]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}